C语言-手把手教你写贪吃蛇AI(上)

来源:互联网 发布:知乎 市川海老藏 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/16 00:40

1. 目标

        编写一个贪吃蛇AI,也就是自动绕过障碍,去寻找最优路径吃食物。


2. 问题分析

        为了达到这一目的,其实很容易,总共只需要两步,第一步抓一条蛇,第二步给蛇装一个脑子。具体来说就是,首先我们需要有一条普通的贪吃蛇,也就是我们常玩儿的,手动控制去吃食物的贪吃蛇;然后给这条蛇加入AI,也就是通过算法控制,告诉蛇怎么最方便的绕开障碍去吃食物。为了讲清楚这个问题,文章将分为三部分:上,写一个贪吃蛇程序;中,算法基础(需要运用到什么算法);下,运用算法基础中的算法编写一个贪吃蛇AI。

        在动手写贪吃蛇之前,我们需要想清楚以下几个问题,就非常容易了:

        a. 蛇身。由于蛇在吃食物的过程中会不断的长大,所以很适合用单链表表示,并且吃食物的过程就是用头插法插入元素的过程

        b. 食物。食物直接用随机生成函数,随机生成食物,但是需要检查,所生成的食物的位置不可以和蛇身重合

        c. 显示。我们需要实时的显示出蛇身的移动,但事实上,我们不用每次都打印整个蛇身,因为蛇身每走一步,仅仅是蛇头和蛇尾的位置移动一格,其他的地方都没有变化,所以只需要打印一个新的蛇头,并把蛇尾的位置抹掉,那么视觉效果就是蛇身先前移动了一格,这个过程中,我们需要用到SetConsoleCursorPosition(),将光标移到到指定的位置(比如蛇尾),完成相应的操作(比如打印空格抹掉蛇尾)

        d.控制。我们需要用键盘来控制蛇身的移动,这个程序中是利用上下左右方向键来实现的,这里需要用到GetAsyncKeyState(),来实时监测按键的状态


3. 运行效果




4. 源代码

        总共由三个文件组成gluttonous.h,source.c & main.cpp。由于这个贪吃蛇是用于后面加AI,所以并没有加入一些错误检测,比如是否撞到边界,是否撞到蛇身等。

需要注意的是,这个程序中用到了比较特殊的字符('■')来表示游戏空间的边界,在VS2013中可以正常编译,但是在codeblock中会乱码。

        另外还有一点容易混淆的是,我们通常都是用(x,y)坐标表示第x行,第y列,但是在SetConsoleCursorPosition(x,y)中,表示把光标移动到第y行,第x列

4.1 gluttonous.h

#ifndef SNAKE_H_#define SNAKE_H_#include<stdio.h>#include<Windows.h> //SetConsoleCursorPosition, sleep函数的头函数#include<time.h>//time()的头函数#include<malloc.h>//malloc()的头函数#define N 32 //地图大小#define snake_mark '#'//表示蛇身#define food_mark '$'#define sleeptime 500/*表示蛇身坐标的结构体*/typedef struct SNAKE{int x; //行坐标int y; //列坐标struct SNAKE* next;}snake_body, *psnake;extern psnake food;typedef enum Direction{U,D,L,R} direction;//蛇头的朝向extern direction snake_direction;void set_cursor_position(int x, int y);void initial_map();psnake initial_snake();void create_food(psnake snake,psnake food);void printe_map(psnake snake, psnake food);int is_food(psnake snake_head, psnake food);int is_boundary(psnake snake_head, psnake food);int is_snakebody(psnake snake_head, psnake food);psnake snake_move(psnake sanke, psnake food);void control_snake();#endif


4.2 source.cpp

#include"gluttonous.h"void set_cursor_position(int x, int y){COORD coord = { x, y };//x表示列,y表示行。SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), coord);}/*初始化后的地图为 N列 N/2行*//*游戏的空间为2至N+1列,1至N/2行*/void initial_map(){int i = 0;//打印上下边框(每个■占用一行两列)for (i = 0; i<N/2+2; i++)    {set_cursor_position(2*i, 0);printf("■");set_cursor_position(2*i, N/2+1);printf("■");}for (i = 0; i<N/2+2; i++)   //打印左右边框  {set_cursor_position(0, i);printf("■");set_cursor_position(N+2, i);printf("■");}}/*初始化蛇身*//*蛇身初始化坐标为(5,8),(4,8), (3,8) */psnake initial_snake(){inti=5;//列int j = N / 4;//行psnake snake = NULL, tsnake = NULL, temp = NULL;snake = (psnake)malloc(sizeof(snake_body));(snake)->x = i;(snake)->y = j;(snake)->next = NULL;tsnake = snake;for (i = 4; i >2; i--){temp = (psnake)malloc(sizeof(snake_body));(temp)->x = i;(temp)->y = j;(temp)->next = NULL;(tsnake)->next = (temp);(tsnake) = (tsnake)->next;}return snake;}void create_food(psnake snake, psnake food){static int i=1;psnake head = snake;srand((unsigned)time(NULL));food->x = rand() % N + 2;food->y = rand() % (N/2) + 1;//检查食物是否和蛇身重回while (head){if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y){free(food);food = NULL;create_food(snake,food);}else{head = head->next;}}}void printe_map(psnake snake, psnake food){psnake temp=snake;while (temp){set_cursor_position(temp->x, temp->y);printf("%c",snake_mark);temp = temp->next;}if (food)set_cursor_position(food->x,food->y );printf("%c",food_mark);set_cursor_position(0, N/2+2);}//判断是否吃到食物,吃到食物返回 1,否则返回 0;int is_food(psnake snake_head, psnake food){if (snake_head->x == food->x && snake_head->y == food->y)return 1;return 0;}//判断是否撞到墙,撞到墙返回 1,否则返回 0;int is_boundary(psnake snake_head){if (snake_head->y <= 0 || snake_head->y >= N / 2 + 1 || snake_head->x <= 1 || snake_head->x >= N + 1)return 1;return 0;}//判断是否撞到自己,撞到自己返回 1,否则返回 0;int is_snakebody(psnake snake_head){psnake temp=snake_head->next;while (temp){if (snake_head->x == temp->x && snake_head->y == temp->y)return 1;elsetemp = temp->next;}return 0;}//将蛇身移动到合适的位置,并打印出来psnake snake_move(psnake snake, psnake food){psnake snake_head = (psnake)malloc(sizeof(snake_body));if (snake_direction == U){snake_head->y = snake->y-1;snake_head->x = snake->x;snake_head->next = snake;}else if (snake_direction == D){snake_head->y = snake->y + 1;snake_head->x = snake->x;snake_head->next = snake;}else if (snake_direction == L){snake_head->y = snake->y;snake_head->x = snake->x - 1;snake_head->next = snake;}else if (snake_direction == R){snake_head->y = snake->y;snake_head->x = snake->x + 1;snake_head->next = snake;}if (is_food(snake_head, food))//如果是食物{create_food(snake_head, food);printe_map(snake_head, food);}else if (is_boundary(snake_head) == 0 && is_snakebody(snake_head) == 0)//不是食物,不是边界,也不是蛇身{psnake temp = snake_head;while (temp->next->next)//寻找蛇尾{temp = temp->next;}set_cursor_position(temp->next->x, temp->next->y);printf(" ");//把蛇尾用空格消掉free(temp->next);//释放蛇尾的内存空间temp->next = NULL;//将temp的next置成NULLprinte_map(snake_head, food);}else{free(snake_head);snake_head = NULL;}return snake_head;}void control_snake(){if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && snake_direction != D){snake_direction = U;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && snake_direction != U){snake_direction = D;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && snake_direction != R){snake_direction = L;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && snake_direction != L){snake_direction = R;}}

4.3 main.cpp

#include"gluttonous.h"direction snake_direction;psnake food;int main(void){psnake snake;initial_map();snake=initial_snake();food = (psnake)malloc(sizeof(snake_body));food->next = NULL;create_food(snake, food);printe_map(snake, food);snake_direction = R;while (1){Sleep(sleeptime);control_snake();snake=snake_move(snake, food);}return 0;}


0 0
原创粉丝点击