Linux Kernel 设备驱动之I2C之host之数据传输

在前面我们介绍了I2C host的数据结构描述struct i2c_adapter，其中提到结构中

struct i2c_algorithm *algo;

这个数据结构用于描述或者说用于控制I2C总线上数据格式，其体现了host对传输数据要求，一般我们

在i2c_add_adapter()时需要实现这样一个对象。struct i2c_algorithm定义如下：/** * struct i2c_algorithm - represent I2C transfer method * @master_xfer: Issue a set of i2c transactions to the given I2C adapter *   defined by the msgs array, with num messages available to transfer via *   the adapter specified by adap. * @smbus_xfer: Issue smbus transactions to the given I2C adapter. If this *   is not present, then the bus layer will try and convert the SMBus calls *   into I2C transfers instead. * @functionality: Return the flags that this algorithm/adapter pair supports *   from the I2C_FUNC_* flags. * @reg_slave: Register given client to I2C slave mode of this adapter * @unreg_slave: Unregister given client from I2C slave mode of this adapter * * The following structs are for those who like to implement new bus drivers: * i2c_algorithm is the interface to a class of hardware solutions which can * be addressed using the same bus algorithms - i.e. bit-banging or the PCF8584 * to name two of the most common. * * The return codes from the @master_xfer field should indicate the type of * error code that occurred during the transfer, as documented in the kernel * Documentation file Documentation/i2c/fault-codes. */struct i2c_algorithm { /* If an adapter algorithm can't do I2C-level access, set master_xfer    to NULL. If an adapter algorithm can do SMBus access, set    smbus_xfer. If set to NULL, the SMBus protocol is simulated    using common I2C messages */ /* master_xfer should return the number of messages successfully    processed, or a negative value on error */ int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs,      int num); int (*smbus_xfer) (struct i2c_adapter *adap, u16 addr,      unsigned short flags, char read_write,      u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data);

 /* To determine what the adapter supports */ u32 (*functionality) (struct i2c_adapter *);
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_I2C_SLAVE) int (*reg_slave)(struct i2c_client *client); int (*unreg_slave)(struct i2c_client *client);#endif};由于这些跟具体的host相关，所以，在理解host ic之上实现这些函数。
其实根据上面两个函数master_xfer和smbus_xfer就可以明白，I2C支持两个类别的传输。对此
内核封装两个函数：i2c_smbus_xfer和__i2c_transfer()，对于后者，其提供封装接口i2c_transfer()
/** * __i2c_transfer - unlocked flavor of i2c_transfer * @adap: Handle to I2C bus * @msgs: One or more messages to execute before STOP is issued to * terminate the operation; each message begins with a START. * @num: Number of messages to be executed. * * Returns negative errno, else the number of messages executed. * * Adapter lock must be held when calling this function. No debug logging * takes place. adap->algo->master_xfer existence isn't checked. */int __i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num){ unsigned long orig_jiffies; int ret, try;
 if (adap->quirks && i2c_check_for_quirks(adap, msgs, num))  return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 /* i2c_trace_msg gets enabled when tracepoint i2c_transfer gets  * enabled.  This is an efficient way of keeping the for-loop from  * being executed when not needed.  */ if (static_key_false(&i2c_trace_msg)) {  int i;  for (i = 0; i < num; i++)   if (msgs[i].flags & I2C_M_RD)    trace_i2c_read(adap, &msgs[i], i);   else    trace_i2c_write(adap, &msgs[i], i); }
 /* Retry automatically on arbitration loss */ orig_jiffies = jiffies; for (ret = 0, try = 0; try <= adap->retries; try++) {  ret = adap->algo->master_xfer(adap, msgs, num);  if (ret != -EAGAIN)   break;  if (time_after(jiffies, orig_jiffies + adap->timeout))   break; }
 if (static_key_false(&i2c_trace_msg)) {  int i;  for (i = 0; i < ret; i++)   if (msgs[i].flags & I2C_M_RD)    trace_i2c_reply(adap, &msgs[i], i);  trace_i2c_result(adap, i, ret); }
 return ret;}
/** * i2c_smbus_xfer - execute SMBus protocol operations * @adapter: Handle to I2C bus * @addr: Address of SMBus slave on that bus * @flags: I2C_CLIENT_* flags (usually zero or I2C_CLIENT_PEC) * @read_write: I2C_SMBUS_READ or I2C_SMBUS_WRITE * @command: Byte interpreted by slave, for protocols which use such bytes * @protocol: SMBus protocol operation to execute, such as I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL * @data: Data to be read or written * * This executes an SMBus protocol operation, and returns a negative * errno code else zero on success. */s32 i2c_smbus_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, u16 addr, unsigned short flags,     char read_write, u8 command, int protocol,     union i2c_smbus_data *data){ unsigned long orig_jiffies; int try; s32 res;
 /* If enabled, the following two tracepoints are conditional on  * read_write and protocol.  */ trace_smbus_write(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,     command, protocol, data); trace_smbus_read(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,    command, protocol);
 flags &= I2C_M_TEN | I2C_CLIENT_PEC | I2C_CLIENT_SCCB;
 if (adapter->algo->smbus_xfer) {  i2c_lock_bus(adapter, I2C_LOCK_SEGMENT);
  /* Retry automatically on arbitration loss */  orig_jiffies = jiffies;  for (res = 0, try = 0; try <= adapter->retries; try++) {   res = adapter->algo->smbus_xfer(adapter, addr, flags,       read_write, command,       protocol, data);   if (res != -EAGAIN)    break;   if (time_after(jiffies,           orig_jiffies + adapter->timeout))    break;  }  i2c_unlock_bus(adapter, I2C_LOCK_SEGMENT);
  if (res != -EOPNOTSUPP || !adapter->algo->master_xfer)   goto trace;  /*   * Fall back to i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated if the adapter doesn't   * implement native support for the SMBus operation.   */ }
 res = i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,          command, protocol, data);
trace: /* If enabled, the reply tracepoint is conditional on read_write. */ trace_smbus_reply(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,     command, protocol, data); trace_smbus_result(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,      command, protocol, res);
 return res;}