536. Construct Binary Tree from String
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You need to construct a binary tree from a string consisting of parenthesis and integers.
The whole input represents a binary tree. It contains an integer followed by zero, one or two pairs of parenthesis. The integer represents the root’s value and a pair of parenthesis contains a child binary tree with the same structure.
You always start to construct the left child node of the parent first if it exists.
Example:
Input: “4(2(3)(1))(6(5))”
Output: return the tree root node representing the following tree:
4 / \2 6
/ \ /
3 1 5
Note:
There will only be ‘(‘, ‘)’, ‘-’ and ‘0’ ~ ‘9’ in the input string.
对于例题中的”4(2(3)(1))(6(5))”,可知4是根节点,“2(3)(1)”是左子树,“6(5)”是右子树。可以想到应该用递归的方式建树。
这里怎么判断它的左子树的开始和结尾呢?
通过对”()”进行计数,当遇到’(‘加1,遇到‘)’减去1。当为0时,说明括号是完全匹配的,此时它自己可以形成一个新树。剩下的就是加括号的右子树的字符串。
/** * Definition for a binary tree node. * struct TreeNode { * int val; * TreeNode *left; * TreeNode *right; * TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} * }; */class Solution {public: TreeNode* str2tree(string s) { if(s.size()==0) return NULL; int val=0;int i=0,j,n=s.size(); int sign=1; if(s[0]=='-') {sign=-1;i++;} while(i<n && s[i]!='(') {val=val*10+(s[i]-'0');i++;}//此时,s[i]是'(' TreeNode* root=new TreeNode(val*sign); if(i==n) return root;//如果没有孩子 int num=1;j=i; while(num!=0) { j++; if(s[j]=='(') num++; else if(s[j]==')') num--; }//找到右子树结尾的括号')' root->left=str2tree(s.substr(i+1,j-i-1)); if(j+2<n)//判断有没有右子树 root->right=str2tree(s.substr(j+2,n-3-j)); return root; }};
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