Android LayoutInflater原理解析

来源:互联网 发布:英文app翻译软件 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/02 03:58

最近在看开源项目的时候,发现很多地方用到了inflate这个方法,于是乎就想总结一下Android中加载xml布局的方法,然后就有了这篇博客。本博客参考了网上许多大神的博客,会在博客结尾列出,感谢。

一、得到LayoutInflater

想要调用inflate这个方法,首先需要得到LayoutInflater对象。

先来看看官方给出的解释:

文档说,这个类是用来将一个xml文件实例化成一个与它对应的view对象。需要使用getLayoutInflate()方法或者getSystemService()方法来得到一个与当前上下文关联的LayoutInflater实例,这样才能正确地与你App运行的设备匹配。所以,得到LayoutInflater实例的方法有以下几种:

1、getLayoutInflater方法

LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater();

2、通过getSystemService方法,得到系统服务。

LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

3、LayoutInflater的静态方法

LayoutInflater.from(context);

三者其实都是一样的,如果查看源代码的话会发现,其实到最后都是调用了getSystemService方法来实现的,也就是使用了上面说的第二种方法,其他几种方法都是对第二种方法的封装,以方便调用。如:

/** * Obtains the LayoutInflater from the given context. */public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {    LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =            (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);    if (LayoutInflater == null) {        throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");    }    return LayoutInflater;}

二、inflate方法

得到LayoutInflater对象后,我们就可以调用它的inflate方法来动态加载xml布局文件了。inflate方法的调用方式有以下几种:

1、使用LayoutInflater对象调用inflate方法。

LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root);

第一个参数是要加载的布局文件的ID,第二个参数是是否在要加载的布局外面再加一层父布局,如果不需要则传入null即可。第二个参数是否为空还是有一定的区别的,下面我们将会讲到。

2、使用View类的静态方法inflate直接加载。

/** * Inflate a view from an XML resource.  This convenience method wraps the {@link * LayoutInflater} class, which provides a full range of options for view inflation. * * @param context The Context object for your activity or application. * @param resource The resource ID to inflate * @param root A view group that will be the parent.  Used to properly inflate the * layout_* parameters. * @see LayoutInflater */public static View inflate(Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, ViewGroup root) {    LayoutInflater factory = LayoutInflater.from(context);    return factory.inflate(resource, root);}

从代码中可以看到,View类静态方法inflate其实也是对第一种方法的封装。

三、inflate方法参数及返回值解析

如果你翻看源代码,你会发现inflate方法在LayoutInflater类中有4种重载形式。如下:

1、

/** * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. * * @param resource ID for an XML layout resource to load (e.g., *        <code>R.layout.main_page</code>) * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy. * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied, *         this is the root View; otherwise it is the root of the inflated *         XML file. */public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {    return inflate(resource, root, root != null);}

2、

/** * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml node. Throws * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. * * <p> * <em><strong>Important</strong></em>   For performance * reasons, view inflation relies heavily on pre-processing of XML files * that is done at build time. Therefore, it is not currently possible to * use LayoutInflater with an XmlPullParser over a plain XML file at runtime. * * @param parser XML dom node containing the description of the view *        hierarchy. * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy. * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied, *         this is the root View; otherwise it is the root of the inflated *         XML file. */public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {    return inflate(parser, root, root != null);}

3、

/** * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. * * @param resource ID for an XML layout resource to load (e.g., *        <code>R.layout.main_page</code>) * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy (if *        <em>attachToRoot</em> is true), or else simply an object that *        provides a set of LayoutParams values for root of the returned *        hierarchy (if <em>attachToRoot</em> is false.) * @param attachToRoot Whether the inflated hierarchy should be attached to *        the root parameter? If false, root is only used to create the *        correct subclass of LayoutParams for the root view in the XML. * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied and *         attachToRoot is true, this is root; otherwise it is the root of *         the inflated XML file. */public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {    final Resources res = getContext().getResources();    if (DEBUG) {        Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("                + Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");    }    final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);    try {        return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);    } finally {        parser.close();    }}

4、

/** * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified XML node. Throws * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. * <p> * <em><strong>Important</strong></em>   For performance * reasons, view inflation relies heavily on pre-processing of XML files * that is done at build time. Therefore, it is not currently possible to * use LayoutInflater with an XmlPullParser over a plain XML file at runtime. * * @param parser XML dom node containing the description of the view *        hierarchy. * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy (if *        <em>attachToRoot</em> is true), or else simply an object that *        provides a set of LayoutParams values for root of the returned *        hierarchy (if <em>attachToRoot</em> is false.) * @param attachToRoot Whether the inflated hierarchy should be attached to *        the root parameter? If false, root is only used to create the *        correct subclass of LayoutParams for the root view in the XML. * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied and *         attachToRoot is true, this is root; otherwise it is the root of *         the inflated XML file. */public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {    synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");        final Context inflaterContext = mContext;        final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);        Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];        mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;        View result = root;        try {            // Look for the root node.            int type;            while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&                    type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {                // Empty            }            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {                throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()                        + ": No start tag found!");            }            final String name = parser.getName();            if (DEBUG) {                System.out.println("**************************");                System.out.println("Creating root view: "                        + name);                System.out.println("**************************");            }            if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {                if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {                    throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "                            + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");                }                rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);            } else {                // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml                final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);                ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;                if (root != null) {                    if (DEBUG) {                        System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +                                root);                    }                    // Create layout params that match root, if supplied                    params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);                    if (!attachToRoot) {                        // Set the layout params for temp if we are not                        // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)                        temp.setLayoutParams(params);                    }                }                if (DEBUG) {                    System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");                }                // Inflate all children under temp against its context.                rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);                if (DEBUG) {                    System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");                }                // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)                // to root. Do that now.                if (root != null && attachToRoot) {                    root.addView(temp, params);                }                // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the                // top view found in xml.                if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {                    result = temp;                }            }        } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {            InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());            ex.initCause(e);            throw ex;        } catch (Exception e) {            InflateException ex = new InflateException(                    parser.getPositionDescription()                            + ": " + e.getMessage());            ex.initCause(e);            throw ex;        } finally {            // Don't retain static reference on context.            mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;            mConstructorArgs[1] = null;        }        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);        return result;    }}

我们可以看到,方法1、2、3最终都是调用了方法4,而且在方法1、2中,根据第二个参数root是否为空来决定方法4第三个参数attachToRoot是true还是false。如果root为空,那么attachToRoot为false,反之则为true。所以我们一切的疑问都归结到了方法4中。我们来重点看一下,

当我们通过inflate方法将要加载的布局文件ID传入进来以后,最终会到达方法4,然后在第64行,通过createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs)这个方法得到了布局文件对应的view对象。

紧接着,在68行判断传入的root是否为空,如果不为空则通过root为它的子view(也就是刚刚我们生成的布局文件对应的view)生成一个布局参数,params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs),然后在判断attachToRoot是否为true,如果为false则说明不需要将view加入到root中,此时系统只会为刚刚生成的view添加参数,temp.setLayoutParams(params)。如果attachToRoot为true呢,说明需要将view添加到root中,那么在第95行,系统通过root.addView(temp, params)方法将view和参数一起添加进了root中。

以上是root不为空的情况,那如果root为空呢?我们可以在第101行看到,当root为空的时候,仅仅是将我们生成的view对象返回而已,并没有加入到root中,也没有为它设置布局参数。没有设置参数会怎样呢?我们下面来看一下。

在这里还需要明确一点,inflate方法只是将我们指定的布局文件生成view对象,并不负责显示view对象,如果想要显示对象,需要调用setContentView才可以,或者将view作为子视图加入到已经可以显示的父视图中。当然,我们上面也说到了,如果attachToRoot参数为true的话,系统会帮我们调用addView将其加入到父视图中。所以如果inflate方法root为空或者attachToRoot为false,那么我们还需要手动调用addView方法。

我们首先来看一个例子:

mainActivity中onCreate方法:

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);    RelativeLayout layout = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.main);    View view = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.button_layout, null);    layout.addView(view);}

只是简单地将button_layout布局文件读入并将生成的view加入到主布局中。
button_layout如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Button xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    android:layout_height="200dp"    android:text="button"    ></Button>

然后,运行结果是这样的:

我们在xml中设置的layout_height=”200dp”并没有起作用。这是为什么呢?这就是因为没有设置布局参数导致的。上面的代码中,我直接设置root为空,那么系统将不会为我们生成的view设置布局参数,直接返回view,也就是说,我们在xml中设置的各项参数,系统连管都不管,直接返回一个没有布局参数的view,然后我们使用addView方法加入到视图中,我们来看一下addView对于没有布局参数的view是如何处理的:

public void addView(View child, int index) {    if (child == null) {        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot add a null child view to a ViewGroup");    }    LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams();    if (params == null) {        params = generateDefaultLayoutParams();        if (params == null) {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("generateDefaultLayoutParams() cannot return null");        }    }    addView(child, index, params);}

从上面的代码第5行中我们可以看到,系统尝试从我们提供的view中读取布局参数,然而不幸的是,我们的view并没有布局参数,所以params为null。然后在第7行,系统为我们的view生成了一个默认的布局参数。我们跟进generateDefaultLayoutParams()这个方法看一下:

/** * Returns a set of default layout parameters. These parameters are requested * when the View passed to {@link #addView(View)} has no layout parameters * already set. If null is returned, an exception is thrown from addView. * * @return a set of default layout parameters or null */protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {    return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);}


看,这个方法返回一个宽高都是wrap_content的参数,注释说的也很清楚。所以,当inflate方法参数root为空的时候,我们加载的view的宽高最终是wrap_content,并不是我们在xml中设置的。所以才出现了上面的情况。那我们怎么解决这个问题呢?这里有两种方法:
第一种,很自然会想到,我们上面说过了,当我们的root不为空的时候,系统会根据root为我们生成的view添加一个布局参数,这样我们的view就可以显示出原来的样子了。改动很简单,只需要将onCreate方法中

View view = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.button_layout, null);

改成

View view = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.button_layout, layout, false);

这样系统就可以自动读取xml文件并为我们的view生成布局参数。效果如下:
a

 

第二种,我们可以在button这个空间外面添加一层父控件,这样虽然我们依然使用inflate(R.layout.button_layout, null)这个方法来读取xml文件,并将view设置为wrap_content,但是此时的view是我们包裹button的外层父控件,所以并不会影响我们的button控件,修改的xml文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="50dp"android:layout_height="50dp">    <Button        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="200dp"        android:text="button"        android:id="@+id/mybutton"        >    </Button></RelativeLayout>

运行后的结果是这样的:
啊

 

好了,现在我们来总结一下,当我们调用(或者最终调用了)inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)方法时:
1、如果root为空,那么系统将会返回resource代表的xml的view,并且没有读取xml的参数,也就是view的布局参数为空。需要自行处理。
2、如果root不为空,attachToRoot为false,那么系统将会返回resource代表的xml的view,并读取xml的参数,为view设置布局参数,view不会加入到root中,root只是用来为view生成布局参数而已。
3、如果root不为空,attachToRoot为true,系统将会生成resource代表的xml的view,并为其设置布局参数,然后将view加入到root中作为root的子view,最后返回root

所以,参数不同时,方法进行的操作不同返回的结果也有所不同。

四、参考

首先是郭神的博客:http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/12921889

参照了其中的一些例子:http://bxbxbai.github.io/2014/11/19/make-sense-of-layoutinflater/

一个新浪博客,写的还可以,头像也不错:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5da93c8f0100xm6n.html

0 0