Java Keytool工具简介

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随着信息安全的重要性的日益提高，HTTP/FTP等越来越多的被迁到了 HTTPS/SFTP，SSL/TLS已经是避无可避。了解一些简单的加密算法的基本理论或者常见工具，或者如何生成和使用证书，这些都在工作中应用的愈加广泛。Java自带的Keytool工具就是这样的一种工具，被广泛地用于管理密钥和证书。

前提

keytool工具是JDK自带的工具，所以前提就是安装JDK。具体可以参照Maven的安装脚本，安装Maven的前提是安装JDK，所以下面的脚本执行之后，JDK自然会被安装。已经有JDK的可以跳过此步。

安装参照 http://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/61920553

安装确认

确认keytool可用

[root@liumiaocn ~]# which keytool/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_121/bin/keytool[root@liumiaocn ~]#

命令说明

keytool命令以及常见的option如下所示：

项目详细 -certreq Generates a certificate request -changealias Changes an entry’s alias -exportcert Exports certificate -genkeypair Generates a key pair -genseckey Generates a secret key -gencert Generates certificate from a certificate request -importcert Imports a certificate or a certificate chain -importpass Imports a password -importkeystore Imports one or all entries from another keystore -printcert Prints the content of a certificate -printcertreq Prints the content of a certificate request -printcrl Prints the content of a CRL file -genkey 在用户主目录中创建一个默认文件”.keystore”,还会产生一个mykey的别名，mykey中包含用户的公钥、私钥和证书 -alias 产生别名缺省值”mykey” -keystore 指定密钥库的名称(产生的各类信息将不在.keystore文件中) -keyalg 指定密钥的算法 (如 RSA DSA（如果不指定默认采用DSA）) -validity 指定创建的证书有效期多少天缺省值90天 -keysize 指定密钥长度缺省值1024 -storepass 指定密钥库的密码(获取keystore信息所需的密码) -keypass 指定别名条目的密码(私钥的密码) -dname 指定证书拥有者信息例如： “CN=名字与姓氏,OU=组织单位名称,O=组织名称,L=城市或区域名称,ST=州或省份名称,C=单位的两字母国家代码” -list 显示密钥库中的证书信息 keytool -list -v -keystore 指定keystore -storepass 密码 -v 显示密钥库中的证书详细信息 -export 将别名指定的证书导出到文件 keytool -export -alias 需要导出的别名 -keystore 指定keystore -file 指定导出的证书位置及证书名称 -storepass 密码 -file 参数指定导出到文件的文件名 -delete 删除密钥库中某条目 keytool -delete -alias 指定需删除的别 -keystore 指定keystore -storepass 密码 -printcert 查看导出的证书信息 keytool -printcert -file 证书名称 -keypasswd 修改密钥库中指定条目口令 -storepasswd 修改keystore口令 keytool -storepasswd -keystore keystore的FULLPATH -storepass 原始密码 -new 新密码 -import 将已签名数字证书导入密钥库 keytool -import -alias 指定导入条目的别名 -keystore 指定keystore -file 需导入的证书

证书管理

证书的发行有专门的CA机构，但是基本上都是要付费的，CA机构又不是NGO，无利不起早，不然为什么人家要做这个呢。一般来说除非是非常正式的项目，一般的项目很多情况下使用自发行的证书即可。

基础知识

项目详细证书种类服务器端/客户端证书认证方式：单向认证客户端对服务器端的证书进行认证认证方式：单向认证客户端对服务器端的证书进行认证,同时服务器端对客户端的证书也进行认证

keystore生成

按照如下信息生成keystore

项目详细 alias名称 kstore keypass init123 算法 RSA 秘钥长度 2048 有效期限(天) 30 保存路径 /tmp/kstore.keystore storepass init234

执行命令：

keytool -genkey -alias kstore -keypass init123 -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 30 -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234

执行参照

[root@liumiaocn ~]# keytool -genkey -alias kstore -keypass init123 -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 30 -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234What is your first and last name?  [Unknown]:  michaelWhat is the name of your organizational unit?  [Unknown]:  liumiaocnWhat is the name of your organization?  [Unknown]:  ngoWhat is the name of your City or Locality?  [Unknown]:  dalianWhat is the name of your State or Province?  [Unknown]:  liaoningWhat is the two-letter country code for this unit?  [Unknown]:  CNIs CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CN correct?  [no]:  yes[root@liumiaocn ~]#

生成结果文件确认

[root@liumiaocn ~]# ls -l /tmp/kstore.keystore-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2230 Mar 10 17:46 /tmp/kstore.keystore[root@liumiaocn ~]# file /tmp/kstore.keystore/tmp/kstore.keystore: Java KeyStore[root@liumiaocn ~]#

keystore确认

因为生成的/tmp/kstore.keystore非文本类型文件，无法直接确认内容，使用list子命令可以确认keystore的详细信息。
执行命令：

keytool -list  -v -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234

执行参照

[root@liumiaocn ~]# keytool -list  -v -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234Keystore type: JKSKeystore provider: SUNYour keystore contains 1 entryAlias name: kstoreCreation date: Mar 10, 2017Entry type: PrivateKeyEntryCertificate chain length: 1Certificate[1]:Owner: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNIssuer: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNSerial number: 58700a1Valid from: Fri Mar 10 17:46:00 EST 2017 until: Sun Apr 09 18:46:00 EDT 2017Certificate fingerprints:         MD5:  C9:88:B5:3E:62:F1:31:4D:8B:81:9C:45:90:F1:0F:CF         SHA1: 59:C9:D3:3F:07:80:73:7C:7E:43:94:3B:E5:43:61:FF:14:F1:1A:CC         SHA256: 32:71:6C:1E:1F:F6:23:01:66:81:92:36:C8:6F:E3:8D:5B:32:C4:F2:10:94:D0:3D:8C:07:5B:91:7A:59:B2:56         Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA         Version: 3Extensions:#1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=falseSubjectKeyIdentifier [KeyIdentifier [0000: 06 91 44 93 93 46 D0 EE   A9 B3 9C A6 6C 1A BD D4  ..D..F......l...0010: E3 EA 74 74                                        ..tt]]**************************************************************************************[root@liumiaocn ~]#

证书导出

单向认证和双向认证时不可避免的用到证书，使用如下命令则可以生成证书。

keytool -export -alias kstore -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -file /tmp/kstore.crt -rfc -storepass init234

注意: storepass的密码是/tmp/kstore.keystore生成时创建的密码，此处是作确认用，输入错误会提示：Keystore was tampered with, or password was incorrect

执行参照

[root@liumiaocn ~]# keytool -export -alias kstore -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -file /tmp/kstore.crt -rfc -storepass init234Certificate stored in file </tmp/kstore.crt>[root@liumiaocn ~]# file /tmp/kstore.crt/tmp/kstore.crt: PEM certificate[root@liumiaocn ~]#[root@liumiaocn ~]#[root@liumiaocn ~]# cat /tmp/kstore.crt-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----[root@liumiaocn ~]#

证书确认

生成的证书的格式是PEM certificate，确认其内容则可以通过如下命令：

keytool -printcert -file /tmp/kstore.crt

执行参照

[root@liumiaocn ~]# keytool -printcert -file /tmp/kstore.crtOwner: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNIssuer: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNSerial number: 58700a1Valid from: Fri Mar 10 17:46:00 EST 2017 until: Sun Apr 09 18:46:00 EDT 2017Certificate fingerprints:         MD5:  C9:88:B5:3E:62:F1:31:4D:8B:81:9C:45:90:F1:0F:CF         SHA1: 59:C9:D3:3F:07:80:73:7C:7E:43:94:3B:E5:43:61:FF:14:F1:1A:CC         SHA256: 32:71:6C:1E:1F:F6:23:01:66:81:92:36:C8:6F:E3:8D:5B:32:C4:F2:10:94:D0:3D:8C:07:5B:91:7A:59:B2:56         Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA         Version: 3Extensions:#1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=falseSubjectKeyIdentifier [KeyIdentifier [0000: 06 91 44 93 93 46 D0 EE   A9 B3 9C A6 6C 1A BD D4  ..D..F......l...0010: E3 EA 74 74                                        ..tt]][root@liumiaocn ~]#

证书导入

将生成的证书倒入到keystore中，使用如下命令：

keytool -import -alias aliascrt -file /tmp/kstore.crt -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234 -keypass init123

事前确认

文件信息

[root@liumiaocn tmp]# ll kstore.keystore kstore.crt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1263 Mar 10 17:57 kstore.crt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2230 Mar 10 17:46 kstore.keystore[root@liumiaocn tmp]#

keystore详细

[root@liumiaocn tmp]# keytool -list  -v -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234Keystore type: JKSKeystore provider: SUNYour keystore contains 1 entryAlias name: kstoreCreation date: Mar 10, 2017Entry type: PrivateKeyEntryCertificate chain length: 1Certificate[1]:Owner: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNIssuer: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNSerial number: 58700a1Valid from: Fri Mar 10 17:46:00 EST 2017 until: Sun Apr 09 18:46:00 EDT 2017Certificate fingerprints:         MD5:  C9:88:B5:3E:62:F1:31:4D:8B:81:9C:45:90:F1:0F:CF         SHA1: 59:C9:D3:3F:07:80:73:7C:7E:43:94:3B:E5:43:61:FF:14:F1:1A:CC         SHA256: 32:71:6C:1E:1F:F6:23:01:66:81:92:36:C8:6F:E3:8D:5B:32:C4:F2:10:94:D0:3D:8C:07:5B:91:7A:59:B2:56         Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA         Version: 3Extensions:#1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=falseSubjectKeyIdentifier [KeyIdentifier [0000: 06 91 44 93 93 46 D0 EE   A9 B3 9C A6 6C 1A BD D4  ..D..F......l...0010: E3 EA 74 74                                        ..tt]]**************************************************************************************[root@liumiaocn tmp]#

导入

[root@liumiaocn tmp]# keytool -import -alias aliascrt -file /tmp/kstore.crt -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234 -keypass init123Certificate already exists in keystore under alias <kstore>Do you still want to add it? [no]:  yesCertificate was added to keystore[root@liumiaocn tmp]#

事后确认

通过文件确认，keystore文件发生了变化

[root@liumiaocn tmp]# ll kstore.keystore kstore.crt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1263 Mar 10 17:57 kstore.crt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3140 Mar 10 18:11 kstore.keystore[root@liumiaocn tmp]#

keystore详细确认后发现，证书已经加入: Alias name: aliascrt

[root@liumiaocn tmp]# keytool -list  -v -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234Keystore type: JKSKeystore provider: SUNYour keystore contains 2 entriesAlias name: kstoreCreation date: Mar 10, 2017Entry type: PrivateKeyEntryCertificate chain length: 1Certificate[1]:Owner: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNIssuer: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNSerial number: 58700a1Valid from: Fri Mar 10 17:46:00 EST 2017 until: Sun Apr 09 18:46:00 EDT 2017Certificate fingerprints:         MD5:  C9:88:B5:3E:62:F1:31:4D:8B:81:9C:45:90:F1:0F:CF         SHA1: 59:C9:D3:3F:07:80:73:7C:7E:43:94:3B:E5:43:61:FF:14:F1:1A:CC         SHA256: 32:71:6C:1E:1F:F6:23:01:66:81:92:36:C8:6F:E3:8D:5B:32:C4:F2:10:94:D0:3D:8C:07:5B:91:7A:59:B2:56         Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA         Version: 3Extensions:\#1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=falseSubjectKeyIdentifier [KeyIdentifier [0000: 06 91 44 93 93 46 D0 EE   A9 B3 9C A6 6C 1A BD D4  ..D..F......l...0010: E3 EA 74 74                                        ..tt]]**************************************************************************************Alias name: aliascrtCreation date: Mar 10, 2017Entry type: trustedCertEntryOwner: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNIssuer: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNSerial number: 58700a1Valid from: Fri Mar 10 17:46:00 EST 2017 until: Sun Apr 09 18:46:00 EDT 2017Certificate fingerprints:         MD5:  C9:88:B5:3E:62:F1:31:4D:8B:81:9C:45:90:F1:0F:CF         SHA1: 59:C9:D3:3F:07:80:73:7C:7E:43:94:3B:E5:43:61:FF:14:F1:1A:CC         SHA256: 32:71:6C:1E:1F:F6:23:01:66:81:92:36:C8:6F:E3:8D:5B:32:C4:F2:10:94:D0:3D:8C:07:5B:91:7A:59:B2:56         Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA         Version: 3Extensions:\#1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=falseSubjectKeyIdentifier [KeyIdentifier [0000: 06 91 44 93 93 46 D0 EE   A9 B3 9C A6 6C 1A BD D4  ..D..F......l...0010: E3 EA 74 74                                        ..tt]]**************************************************************************************

[root@liumiaocn tmp]#

证书删除

从keystore中删除证书，使用如下命令即可

keytool -delete -alias aliascrt -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234

执行参照

[root@liumiaocn tmp]# keytool -delete -alias aliascrt -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234[root@liumiaocn tmp]#

事后确认

[root@liumiaocn tmp]# keytool -list  -v -keystore /tmp/kstore.keystore -storepass init234Keystore type: JKSKeystore provider: SUNYour keystore contains 1 entryAlias name: kstoreCreation date: Mar 10, 2017Entry type: PrivateKeyEntryCertificate chain length: 1Certificate[1]:Owner: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNIssuer: CN=michael, OU=liumiaocn, O=ngo, L=dalian, ST=liaoning, C=CNSerial number: 58700a1Valid from: Fri Mar 10 17:46:00 EST 2017 until: Sun Apr 09 18:46:00 EDT 2017Certificate fingerprints:         MD5:  C9:88:B5:3E:62:F1:31:4D:8B:81:9C:45:90:F1:0F:CF         SHA1: 59:C9:D3:3F:07:80:73:7C:7E:43:94:3B:E5:43:61:FF:14:F1:1A:CC         SHA256: 32:71:6C:1E:1F:F6:23:01:66:81:92:36:C8:6F:E3:8D:5B:32:C4:F2:10:94:D0:3D:8C:07:5B:91:7A:59:B2:56         Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA         Version: 3Extensions:#1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=falseSubjectKeyIdentifier [KeyIdentifier [0000: 06 91 44 93 93 46 D0 EE   A9 B3 9C A6 6C 1A BD D4  ..D..F......l...0010: E3 EA 74 74                                        ..tt]]**************************************************************************************[root@liumiaocn tmp]#

可以看到，刚刚加入的证书已经被删除。

总结

keytool作为JDK提供的证书管理工具，使用它可以很方便的管理DSA/RSA等流行加密方式的证书，而这些在Web服务器认证以及容器私库管理方面都有着很多应用。

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