java线程池

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Java通过Executors提供四种线程池，分别为：
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行

ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {    final int index = i;    try {        Thread.sleep(index * 1000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {        e.printStackTrace();    }    cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {        @Override        public void run() {            System.out.println(index);        }    });}

ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {    final int index = i;    fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {        @Override        public void run() {            try {                System.out.println(index);                Thread.sleep(2000);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                // TODO Auto-generated catch block                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    });}

ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {    @Override    public void run() {        System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");    }}, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//延迟三秒scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {    @Override    public void run() {        System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");    }}, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次

ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {    final int index = i;    singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {        @Override        public void run() {            try {                System.out.println(index);                Thread.sleep(2000);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                // TODO Auto-generated catch block                e.printStackTrace();            }        }

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