typedef struct和struct的用法验证

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<div id="cnblogs_post_body"><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;"><b>struct</b><b>和typedef struct</b></span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">分三块来讲述:</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  1 首先:<strong><span style="color: #000000;">//注意在C和C++里不同</span></strong></span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    在C中定义一个结构体类型要用typedef:</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">typedef struct Student</span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    {</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    int a;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    }Stu;</span></strong><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    于是在声明变量的时候就可:Stu stu1;(</span><span style="color: #2d58d2;">如果没有typedef就必须用struct Student stu1;来声明)</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    这里的Stu实际上就是struct Student的别名。<strong><span style="color: #000000;">Stu==struct Student</span></strong></span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;"><span style="color: #000000;">    </span>另外这里也可以不写Student(于是也不能struct Student stu1;了,必须是Stu stu1;)</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">typedef struct</span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    {</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    int a;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    }Stu;</span></strong><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    但在c++里很简单,直接</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">struct Student</span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    {</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    int a;</span></strong><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>    };</strong> </span>   </span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    于是就定义了结构体类型Student,声明变量时直接Student stu2;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">===========================================<span style="color: #2d58d2;">===========================================</span><br></span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  2.其次:</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    在c++中如果用typedef的话,又会造成区别:</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">struct&nbsp;&nbsp; Student&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    {&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    int&nbsp;&nbsp; a;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    }stu1;//</span></strong>stu1是一个变量&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">typedef&nbsp;&nbsp; struct&nbsp;&nbsp; Student2&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    {&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    int&nbsp;&nbsp; a;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    }stu2;</span></strong>//stu2是一个结构体类型=struct Student&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    使用时可以直接访问stu1.a</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    但是stu2则必须先&nbsp;&nbsp; stu2 s2;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    然后&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; s2.a=10;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">===========================================<span style="color: #2d58d2;">===========================================</span><br></span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  3 掌握上面两条就可以了,不过最后我们探讨个没多大关系的问题</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    如果在c程序中我们写:</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">typedef struct&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    {</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    int num;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    int age;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    }aaa,bbb,ccc;</span></strong><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    这算什么呢?</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    我个人观察编译器(VC6)的理解,这相当于</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    typedef struct&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    {</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    int num;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    int age;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    }aaa;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    typedef aaa bbb;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    typedef aaa ccc;</span><br><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    也就是说aaa,bbb,ccc三者都是结构体类型。声明变量时用任何一个都可以,在c++中也是如此。但是你要注意的是这个在c++中如果写掉了typedef关键字,那么aaa,bbb,ccc将是截然不同的三个对象。</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    //此处不是很理解。</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  &nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">typedef struct和struct的区别:</span></strong></span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">typedef struct tagMyStruct</span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    { </span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">     int iNum;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">     long lLength;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    } MyStruct;</span></strong></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    上面的tagMyStruct是<span style="color: #ff0000;">标识符</span>,MyStruct是<span style="color: #ff0000;">变量类型</span>(相当于(int,char等))。</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    这语句实际上完成两个操作:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">      1) 定义一个新的结构类型</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">   <strong><span style="color: #000000;"> struct tagMyStruct</span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    {   </span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">     int iNum; </span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">     long lLength; </span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    };</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  分析:tagMyStruct称为“tag”,即“标签”,实际上是一个临时名字,<span style="color: #ff0000;">不论是否有typedefstruct 关键字和tagMyStruct一起,构成了这个结构类型</span>,这个结构都存在。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  我们可以用struct tagMyStruct varName来定义变量,但要注意,使用tagMyStruct varName来定义变量是不对的,因为struct 和tagMyStruct合在一起才能表示一个结构类型。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  2) typedef为这个新的结构起了一个名字,叫MyStruct。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    typedef struct tagMyStruct MyStruct;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  因此,MyStruct实际上相当于struct tagMyStruct,我们可以使用MyStruct varName来定义变量。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">  2.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <strong><span style="color: #000000;">typedef struct tagMyStruct</span></strong></span><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    { </span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">     int iNum;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">     long lLength;</span></strong><br><strong><span style="color: #000000;">    } MyStruct;</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2d58d2;">    <span style="color: #ff0000;">在C中,这个申明后申请结构变量的方法有两种:</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">    (1)struct tagMyStruct 变量名</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">    (2)MyStruct 变量名</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">    在c++中可以有</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">    (1)struct tagMyStruct 变量名</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">    (2)MyStruct 变量名</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">    (3)tagMyStruct 变量名</span></p>
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