Linux上静默安装Oracle

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1.安装必须的包

以下依赖包可在系统盘（或U盘启动盘）的 Packages 文件夹中查找。

rpm -ivh mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh cpp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh binutils-devel-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh ksh-20120801-10.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh numactl-devel-2.0.7-8.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.x86_64.rpm//glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm//glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm//glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm//glibc-utils-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm    //nss-softokn-3.14.3-9.el6.i686.rpm    //nss-softokn-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm    //nss-softokn-freebl-devel-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm nss-softokn-freebl-3.14.3-9.el6.i686.rpmrpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpmrpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpmrpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm

2.缺省包的安装

以下安装包需自行下载后安装

 pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm

注意：

如果出现如下错误    warning: pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 73307de6: NOKEY    error: Failed dependencies:            pdksh conflicts with ksh-20120801-28.el6_7.3.x86_64解决办法:    rpm -e ksh-20120801-10.el6.x86_64    rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm

///////////////////////////以下为root用户操作/////////////////

3.创建用户和组

创建用户，输入命令：

# groupadd oinstall # groupadd dba

创建Oracle用户和密码,输入命令：

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle # passwd oracle

（将用户添加到已有组：gpasswd -a 用户名组名）
（groups oracle: 查看 oracle 用户所在的组,以及组内成员）

4.修改hosts文件

输入命令：

vi /etc/hosts

在 127.0.0.1 行后面添加你的主机名称（hostname）
在 ::1 行后面添加你的主机名称（hostname）
例：

    vim /etc/hosts

    127.0.0.1   localhost fdkj    ::1         localhost fdkj

    有人还加上最后一行的ip设置（我没加）    /etc/sysconfig/network中的hostname要与/etc/hosts中的一致    vim /etc/sysconfig/network    NETWORKING=yes    HOSTNAME=    GATEWAY=192.168.137.1    NTPSERVERARGS=iburst

5.设置内核参数

编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

在打开的文件底部添加下面内容

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

改变当前系统内核参数值（让/etc/sysctl.conf立即生效）

# sysctl -p

6.设置PAM资源限制

修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

在打开的文件底部添加下面内容

oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240

//////////////////////////以下为oracle用户操作//////////////////

7.创建oracle11g安装目录

//#mkdir /home/oracle/product///#mkdir /home/oracle/product/11.2.0///#mkdir /home/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/#mkdir /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/#mkdir /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/#mkdir /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/

//////////////////////////以下为oracle用户操作//////////////////

8.编辑 /etc/profile

编辑 /home/oracle/.bash_profile

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

在打开的文件中添加下面内容

umask 022export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/appexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=orclexport PATH=$PATH:HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_HOME_LISTENERexport ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID

执行source命令立即生效：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

编辑 /etc/pam.d/login

vim /etc/pam.d/login

在打开的文件中添加下面内容(root用户)

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so

编辑 /etc/profile(root用户)

vim /etc/profile

在打开的文件中添加下面内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then      ulimit -p 16384      ulimit -n 65536   else      ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536   fifi

执行source命令立即生效：

[root@localhost oracle]# source /etc/profile

9.更改目录属主为Oracle用户所有

  chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app

10.安装

# cd /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip # chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database

11.备份应答文件

[oracle@localhost response]$ pwd/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response[oracle@localhost response]$ mkdir rspbak[oracle@localhost response]$ lsdbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp  rspbak[oracle@localhost response]$ cp *.rsp ./rspbak/

12.删除应答文件中的注释行(以#开头)

vi编辑替换或者直接使用sed命令快速替换

$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp

13.刪除沒有內容的空行(^$)

vi编辑替换或者直接使用sed命令快速替换

$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

14.配置db_install.rsp

http://www.cnblogs.com/ylqmf/archive/2012/04/16/2451211.html
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/128778.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoqiaoi5685/article/details/51831439
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/2076706893515870868.html
http://blog.csdn.net/yinzhipeng123/article/details/53141950

以下为 db_install.rsp 的配置：

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CNORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/apporacle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=trueoracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSEoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcloracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcloracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=trueoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=falseoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=trueoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=123456oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROLoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=falseoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=falseoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=truePROXY_HOST=PROXY_PORT=PROXY_USER=PROXY_PWD=

15.

[oracle@localhost database]$ pwd/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/db_install.rsp

备注：[WARNING] 是需要安装一些i386/i686 的包。查看log安装即可

控制台直到出现以下提示则表示安装完成:

#-------------------------------------------------------------------.../u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.shTo execute the configuration scripts:         1. Open a terminal window          2. Log in as "root"          3. Run the scripts          4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.#-------------------------------------------------------------------

16.运行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh

(1)若本机第一次安装oracle软件, 则执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限:

[oracle@localhost oraInventory]$ pwd/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory[oracle@localhost oraInventory]$ ./orainstRoot.sh

必须以 root 身份执行此脚本

[oracle@localhost oraInventory]$ su root密码：[root@localhost oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh 更改权限/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory.添加组的读取和写入权限。删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。更改组名/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory 到 oinstall.脚本的执行已完成。

(2)执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:

[root@localhost dbhome_1]# pwd/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1[root@localhost dbhome_1]# ./root.sh Check /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2017-01-25_16-46-49.log for the output of root script

17.添加oracle环境变量

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /.bash_profileexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/libexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/libexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/libexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JREexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/libexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlibexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlibexport LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/libexport ORACLE_OWNER=oracleexport SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbsexport ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

立即生效：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

Sqlplus测试

$ sqlplus /nolog

18.静默配置监听

[oracle@localhost ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/netca.rsp

19.静默安装数据库

http://blog.csdn.net/yinzhipeng123/article/details/53144589

（1）修改响应文件模板

[oracle@localhost response]$ pwd/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response[oracle@localhost response]$ vim dbca.rsp

  [GENERAL]  RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"  OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"  [CREATEDATABASE]  GDBNAME = "orcl"  SID = "orcl"  TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"  CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"  NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"  SYSPASSWORD="123456"  SYSTEMPASSWORD="123456"

（2）

  [oracle@localhost response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/dbca.rsp

20.测试

(1)建库后监听检查

$ lsnrctl status

...Services Summary...Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully

实例应该被动态注册到监听程序了. 如果未被动态注册到监听程序, 则可以手工注册:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 16 11:11:46 2009Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

SQL> alter system register;

(2) 改为归档模式并重启

$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> shutdown immediate;SQL> startup mount;SQL> alter database archivelog;SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要启用数据库闪回功能则执行)SQL> alter database open;SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新编译所有可能失效对象)SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工归档测试)

到此建库完毕!

21.创建实例用户

在oracle用户下操作（样例）：

在sqlplus / as sysdba下执行以下命令（1）create user ucrcdb identified by ucrcdb; （创建用户名和密码都是ucrcdb）（2）（给用户ucrcdb授权）    grant create any sequence to ucrcdb;    grant connect,resource to ucrcdb;    grant CREATE DATABASE LINK to ucrcdb;    grant CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK to ucrcdb;    grant CREATE SESSION to ucrcdb;    最后 sqlplus ucrcdb/ucrcdb@ucrc 登录成功

参考：

http://www.cnblogs.com/ylqmf/archive/2012/04/16/2451211.html
http://www.2cto.com/database/201307/229218.html
http://blog.csdn.net/tongzidane/article/details/43852705
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoqiaoi5685/article/details/51831439
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/128778.htm

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