android studio 中 gradle的使用

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一）基本配置

1. build配置

   buildscript { repositories {     jcenter()  } dependencies {     classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } }

   Android脚本

   apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

   Android配置

   android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"}

   项目结构

   MyApp├── build.gradle├── settings.gradle└── app    ├── build.gradle    ├── build    ├── libs    └── src        └── main            ├── java            │   └── com.package.myapp            └── res                ├── drawable                ├── layout                └── etc.

2. Gradle Wrapper结构（这些新建项目时都添加给了用户，不需要重新添加）

   myapp/ ├── gradlew  ├── gradlew.bat └── gradle/wrapper/     ├── gradle-wrapper.jar     └── gradle-wrapper.properties

   运行build任务 - 列出所有可用任务

   $ ./gradlew tasks

   生成App-debug.apk任务

   $ ./gradlew assembleDebug# Apk路径: MyApp/app/build/ outputs/apk

3. 手动导入Eclipse-Android项目（自动导入请连续点“下一步”）
   在项目路径下创建build.gradle文件：

   buildscript {  repositories {      jcenter()   }  dependencies {      classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'  }}apply plugin: 'com.android.application'android {  compileSdkVersion 22  buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"  sourceSets {      main {          manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'          java.srcDirs = ['src']          resources.srcDirs = ['src']          aidl.srcDirs = ['src']          renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']          res.srcDirs = ['res']          assets.srcDirs = ['assets']      }      androidTest.setRoot('tests')  } }dependencies {  compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])}

   PS 也可以复制粘贴Eclipse-Android项目的源代码到Android Studio的项目里

二）自定义配置

1. Gradle所有文件结构

   MyApp├── build.gradle├── settings.gradle└── app    └── build.gradle

   settings.gradle

   include ':app'

   MyApp/build.gradle

   buildscript { repositories {     jcenter() } dependencies {     classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } }allprojects { repositories {     jcenter()  }}

   MyApp/app/build.gradle

   apply plugin: 'com.android.application'android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" defaultConfig {     applicationId "com.gradleforandroid.gettingstarted"     minSdkVersion 14     targetSdkVersion 22     versionCode 1     versionName "1.0" } buildTypes {     release {         minifyEnabled false         proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'     } } }dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'}

2. 基础任务

   $ ./gradlew assemble -为所有构建类型创建apk$ ./gradlew check 运行所有的检查，比如说Android Lint，如果发现问题可终止任务$ ./gradlew build 运行以上两个任务$ ./gradlew clean -清除生成的apk++++$ ./gradlew connectedCheck - 在设备上运行测试$ ./gradlew deviceCheck - 远程设备运行测试$ ./gradlew installDebug/installRelease - 在设备商安装指定版本$ ./gradlew uninstall - 卸载

   
   

3. Build Types不同版本的参数设置 - BuildConfig/Resource Value

   android {  buildTypes {      debug {          applicationIdSuffix ".debug"          buildConfigField "String", "API_URL","\"http://test.example.com/api\""          buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "true"          resValue "string", "app_name", "Example DEBUG"      }      release {          buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://example.com/api\""          buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "false"          resValue "string", "app_name", "Example"      }  }}

4. 全局设置（项目根目录的build.gradle）

   allprojects {  apply plugin: 'com.android.application'  android {      compileSdkVersion 22      buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"  } }

   设置全局参数

   ext {  compileSdkVersion = 22  buildToolsVersion = "22.0.1"}

   在MyApp/app/build.gradle里面使用参数

   android {  compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion  buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion}

5. 默认任务（MyApp/build.gradle）

   defaultTasks 'clean', 'assembleDebug'

三） 依赖管理

1. 仓库
   预设配置仓库

   repositories { mavenCentral() jcenter() mavenLocal()}

   远程仓库

   repositories { maven {     url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/maven2"     credentials {         username 'user'        password 'secretpassword'     } } ivy {     url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/repo" }}

   本地仓库

   repositories { maven {     url "../repo" }}

2. 本地依赖
   项目文件依赖

   dependencies {  compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])}

   原生库结构与配置

   # 结构：app ├── AndroidManifest.xml └── jniLibs     ├── armeabi     │   └── nativelib.so     ├── armeabi-v7a     │   └── nativelib.so     ├── mips     │   └── nativelib.so     └── x86         └── nativelib.so# 配置：android {  sourceSets.main {      jniLibs.srcDir 'src/main/libs'  }}

   Libray项目

   # 修改Android插件：apply plugin: 'com.android.library'# settings.gradle新增libray项目：include ':app', ':library'# app内引用library项目：dependencies {  compile project(':library')}

   .aar文件

   # 生成arrrepositories {  flatDir {      dirs 'aars'   }}# 使用aardependencies {  compile(name:'libraryname', ext:'aar')}

3. 依赖概念

   # 动态版本dependencies {  compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.+'  compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2+'  compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:+'}

4. Android Studio内添加依赖
   

   
   

四）构建变体

• 构建类型

  android { buildTypes {     # release类型     release {         minifyEnabled false         proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'     }     # staging类型 复制debug类型     staging.initWith(buildTypes.debug)     staging {         applicationIdSuffix ".staging"         versionNameSuffix "-staging"         buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://staging.example.com/api\""     } } }

• 产品格局

  android { productFlavors {     red {         applicationId 'com.gradleforandroid.red'         versionCode 3     }     blue {         applicationId 'com.gradleforandroid.blue'         minSdkVersion 14         versionCode 4     }  }}

• 构建变体

  <待续>

• 签名配置

  android { signingConfigs {     staging.initWith(signingConfigs.debug)     release {         storeFile file("release.keystore")         storePassword"secretpassword"         keyAlias "gradleforandroid"         keyPassword "secretpassword"     }  }}

五）多模块构建管理

1. 加速构建

   在gradle.properties里面添加：org.gradle.parallel=true

六） 测试

1. 单元测试
   使用JUnit

   # 结构：app└─── src├─── main│ ├─── java     │    │    └─── com.example.app     │    └───res     └─── test          └─── java               └─── com.example.app# 依赖：dependencies { testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'}

   使用Robolectric

   # 依赖：apply plugin: 'org.robolectric' dependencies {    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'    testCompile'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0'    testCompile'org.robolectric:shadows-support:3.0'}# Demo：@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)@Config(manifest = "app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml", sdk = 18)public class MainActivityTest { @Test public void clickingButtonShouldChangeText() {     AppCompatActivity activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class).create().get();     Button button = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button);     TextView textView = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.label);     button.performClick();     assertThat(textView.getText().toString(), equalTo(activity.getString(R.string.hello_robolectric))); } }

2. 功能测试
   使用Espresso

   <待续>

3. 测试覆盖度
   使用Jacoco

   <待续>

七）创建任务与插件

1. <待续>

八）配置CI

1. <待续>

九）自定义配置 - 进阶

1. 缩减apk文件大小
   使用ProGuard

   android { buildTypes {     release {         minifyEnabled true         shrinkResources true         proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'     } } }

   收缩资源文件 - 自动 （<手动待续>）

   android { buildTypes {     release {         minifyEnabled true         shrinkResources true     } } }

2. 加速构建

   org.gradle.parallel=true # 并行构建org.gradle.daemon=true # 开启Gradle守护进程org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m # 配置JVM<参照下图>

   
   

   
   使用Profiling

   <待续>

   使用Jack(Java Android Compiler Kit) and Jill(Jack Intermediate Library Linker)

   <待续>

3. 忽略Lint

   android {  lintOptions {      abortOnError false  }}

4. 使用Ant

   <待续>

5. app打包 - 进阶
   分割apk

   android {  splits {      density {          enable true          exclude 'ldpi', 'mdpi'          compatibleScreens 'normal', 'large', 'xlarge'      }  } }生成结果：app-hdpi-release.apkapp-universal-release.apkapp-xhdpi-release.apkapp-xxhdpi-release.apkapp-xxxhdpi-release.apk

引用：

• 《Gradle for Android》