Error converting bytecode to dex

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用gradle编译Android app，build.gradle文件是自己手动编写的，编译时报错：

Dex: Error converting bytecode to dex:Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/v4/accessibilityservice/AccessibilityServiceInfoCompat$AccessibilityServiceInfoVersionImpl;    UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:    com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/v4/accessibilityservice/AccessibilityServiceInfoCompat$AccessibilityServiceInfoVersionImpl;        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:594)        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:552)        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:533)        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:170)        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:439)        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:287)        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:230)        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:199)        at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:103)    :transformClassesWithDexForDebug FAILEDFAILURE: Build failed with an exception.* What went wrong:Execution failed for task ':transformClassesWithDexForDebug'.> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command '/opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java'' finished with non-zero exit value 2* Try:Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.BUILD FAILED

错误提示为包的重复定义，导致依赖冲突。冲突的地方为support-v4，检查我的build.gradle文件，library的依赖部分内容为：

dependencies {    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.1.0'}

执行编译命令：

gradle build --info

查看library的依赖情况，输出如下：

Starting process 'command '/opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java''. Working directory: /work/workspace/AudioPolicyTest Command: /opt/java/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/java -Djava.awt.headless=true -Xmx1024M -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.country=CN -Duser.language=zh -Duser.variant -cp /work/source/auto-link/ALTA/tools/Android/Sdk/build-tools/19.1.0/lib/dx.jar com.android.dx.command.Main --dex --verbose --output /work/workspace/AudioPolicyTest/build/intermediates/transforms/dex/debug/folders/1000/1f/main /work/workspace/AudioPolicyTest/build/intermediates/pre-dexed/debug/debug_f4ff2f94f184d9ef51a5af48de5cfd89024f06f4.jar /work/workspace/AudioPolicyTest/build/intermediates/pre-dexed/debug/AltaApi_462d4ec4bd4d22e35b53b4be76bdb4791261a1db.jar /work/workspace/AudioPolicyTest/build/intermediates/pre-dexed/debug/com.android.support-appcompat-v7-19.1.0_532f34b83110d281b9048d4490f89b2bbafed58a.jar /work/workspace/AudioPolicyTest/build/intermediates/pre-dexed/debug/support-v4-19.1.0_96e705f23d4b4f4e222a6ec3aa1dd03764e0f816.jar /work/workspace/AudioPolicyTest/build/intermediates/pre-dexed/debug/android-support-v4_028882dffd813ff7244261476f9af0ec0633f147.jar

红色部分显示，gradle编译时，默认链接support-v4。

【解决办法】：由于本工程中对appcompat-v7并无依赖，将dependencies中该库的依赖去掉即可。也可在dependencies中使用exclude方式解决该冲突，避免appcompat-v7与support-v4的冲突。

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