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VRTK插件详解二：交互之事件与委托分析

来源：互联网 发布：coc亡灵升级数据 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/05/16 04:02

1、我们先来将SteamVR_Unity_Toolkit.unitypackage这个包导入，Asset Store里免费下载

2、当Unity熟练到一定程度，事件与委托是必备的基础！所以本文默认我们已经走过基础阶段。交互设计的精华也在于事件与委托的巧妙设计与实现。VR里的交互更不例外


这篇博客，从SteamVR_Unity_Toolkit的代码里剖析下，它是怎么封装SteamVR的事件的。


3、看类VRTK_ControllerEvents.cs


namespace VRTK
{
    using UnityEngine;
    using System.Collections;
    public struct ControllerInteractionEventArgs
    {
        public uint controllerIndex;
        public float buttonPressure;
        public Vector2 touchpadAxis;
        public float touchpadAngle;
    }
    public delegate void ControllerInteractionEventHandler(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e);
    public class VRTK_ControllerEvents : MonoBehaviour
    {
        public enum ButtonAlias
        {
            Trigger,
            Grip,
            Touchpad_Touch,
            Touchpad_Press,
            Application_Menu
        }
        public ButtonAlias pointerToggleButton = ButtonAlias.Grip;
        public ButtonAlias grabToggleButton = ButtonAlias.Trigger;
        public ButtonAlias useToggleButton = ButtonAlias.Trigger;
        public ButtonAlias menuToggleButton = ButtonAlias.Application_Menu;
        public int axisFidelity = 1;
        public bool triggerPressed = false;
        public bool triggerAxisChanged = false;
        public bool applicationMenuPressed = false;
        public bool touchpadPressed = false;
        public bool touchpadTouched = false;
        public bool touchpadAxisChanged = false;
        public bool gripPressed = false;
        public bool pointerPressed = false;
        public bool grabPressed = false;
        public bool usePressed = false;
        public bool menuPressed = false;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TriggerPressed;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TriggerReleased;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TriggerAxisChanged;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler ApplicationMenuPressed;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler ApplicationMenuReleased;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler GripPressed;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler GripReleased;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TouchpadPressed;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TouchpadReleased;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TouchpadTouchStart;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TouchpadTouchEnd;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler TouchpadAxisChanged;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasPointerOn;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasPointerOff;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasGrabOn;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasGrabOff;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasUseOn;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasUseOff;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasMenuOn;
        public event ControllerInteractionEventHandler AliasMenuOff;
        private uint controllerIndex;
        private SteamVR_TrackedObject trackedController;
        private SteamVR_Controller.Device device;
        private Vector2 touchpadAxis = Vector2.zero;
        private Vector2 triggerAxis = Vector2.zero;
        public virtual void OnTriggerPressed(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TriggerPressed != null)
                TriggerPressed(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnTriggerReleased(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TriggerReleased != null)
                TriggerReleased(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnTriggerAxisChanged(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TriggerAxisChanged != null)
                TriggerAxisChanged(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnApplicationMenuPressed(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (ApplicationMenuPressed != null)
                ApplicationMenuPressed(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnApplicationMenuReleased(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (ApplicationMenuReleased != null)
                ApplicationMenuReleased(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnGripPressed(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (GripPressed != null)
                GripPressed(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnGripReleased(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (GripReleased != null)
                GripReleased(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnTouchpadPressed(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TouchpadPressed != null)
                TouchpadPressed(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnTouchpadReleased(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TouchpadReleased != null)
                TouchpadReleased(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnTouchpadTouchStart(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TouchpadTouchStart != null)
                TouchpadTouchStart(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnTouchpadTouchEnd(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TouchpadTouchEnd != null)
                TouchpadTouchEnd(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnTouchpadAxisChanged(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (TouchpadAxisChanged != null)
                TouchpadAxisChanged(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasPointerOn(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasPointerOn != null)
                AliasPointerOn(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasPointerOff(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasPointerOff != null)
                AliasPointerOff(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasGrabOn(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasGrabOn != null)
                AliasGrabOn(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasGrabOff(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasGrabOff != null)
                AliasGrabOff(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasUseOn(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasUseOn != null)
                AliasUseOn(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasUseOff(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasUseOff != null)
                AliasUseOff(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasMenuOn(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasMenuOn != null)
                AliasMenuOn(this, e);
        }
        public virtual void OnAliasMenuOff(ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
        {
            if (AliasMenuOff != null)
                AliasMenuOff(this, e);
        }
        ControllerInteractionEventArgs SetButtonEvent(ref bool buttonBool, bool value, float buttonPressure)
        {
            buttonBool = value;
            ControllerInteractionEventArgs e;
            e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex;
            e.buttonPressure = buttonPressure;
            e.touchpadAxis = device.GetAxis();
            float angle = Mathf.Atan2(e.touchpadAxis.y, e.touchpadAxis.x) * Mathf.Rad2Deg;
            angle = 90.0f - angle;
            if (angle < 0)
                angle += 360.0f;
            e.touchpadAngle = angle;
            return e;
        }
        void Awake()
        {
            trackedController = GetComponent<SteamVR_TrackedObject>();
        }
        void Start()
        {
            controllerIndex = (uint)trackedController.index;
            device = SteamVR_Controller.Input((int)controllerIndex);
        }
        void EmitAlias(ButtonAlias type, bool touchDown, float buttonPressure, ref bool buttonBool)
        {
            if (pointerToggleButton == type)
            {
                if (touchDown)
                {
                    pointerPressed = true;
                    OnAliasPointerOn(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, true, buttonPressure));
                }
                else
                {
                    pointerPressed = false;
                    OnAliasPointerOff(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, false, buttonPressure));
                }
            }
            if (grabToggleButton == type)
            {
                if (touchDown)
                {
                    grabPressed = true;
                    OnAliasGrabOn(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, true, buttonPressure));
                }
                else
                {
                    grabPressed = false;
                    OnAliasGrabOff(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, false, buttonPressure));
                }
            }
            if (useToggleButton == type)
            {
                if (touchDown)
                {
                    usePressed = true;
                    OnAliasUseOn(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, true, buttonPressure));
                }
                else
                {
                    usePressed = false;
                    OnAliasUseOff(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, false, buttonPressure));
                }
            }
            if (menuToggleButton == type)
            {
                if (touchDown)
                {
                    menuPressed = true;
                    OnAliasMenuOn(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, true, buttonPressure));
                }
                else
                {
                    menuPressed = false;
                    OnAliasMenuOff(SetButtonEvent(ref buttonBool, false, buttonPressure));
                }
            }
        }
        bool Vector2ShallowEquals(Vector2 vectorA, Vector2 vectorB)
        {
            return (vectorA.x.ToString("F" + axisFidelity) == vectorB.x.ToString("F" + axisFidelity) &&
                    vectorA.y.ToString("F" + axisFidelity) == vectorB.y.ToString("F" + axisFidelity));
        }
        void Update()
        {
            controllerIndex = (uint)trackedController.index;
            device = SteamVR_Controller.Input((int)controllerIndex);
            Vector2 currentTriggerAxis = device.GetAxis(Valve.VR.EVRButtonId.k_EButton_SteamVR_Trigger);
            Vector2 currentTouchpadAxis = device.GetAxis();
            if (Vector2ShallowEquals(triggerAxis, currentTriggerAxis))
            {
                triggerAxisChanged = false;
            }
            else
            {
                OnTriggerAxisChanged(SetButtonEvent(ref triggerAxisChanged, true, currentTriggerAxis.x));
            }
            if (Vector2ShallowEquals(touchpadAxis, currentTouchpadAxis))
            {
                touchpadAxisChanged = false;
            }
            else
            {
                OnTouchpadAxisChanged(SetButtonEvent(ref touchpadTouched, true, 1f));
                touchpadAxisChanged = true;
            }
            touchpadAxis = new Vector2(currentTouchpadAxis.x, currentTouchpadAxis.y);
            triggerAxis = new Vector2(currentTriggerAxis.x, currentTriggerAxis.y);
            //Trigger
            if (device.GetTouchDown(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Trigger))
            {
                OnTriggerPressed(SetButtonEvent(ref triggerPressed, true, currentTriggerAxis.x));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Trigger, true, currentTriggerAxis.x, ref triggerPressed);
            }
            else if (device.GetTouchUp(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Trigger))
            {
                OnTriggerReleased(SetButtonEvent(ref triggerPressed, false, 0f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Trigger, false, 0f, ref triggerPressed);
            }
            //ApplicationMenu
            if (device.GetTouchDown(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.ApplicationMenu))
            {
                OnApplicationMenuPressed(SetButtonEvent(ref applicationMenuPressed, true, 1f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Application_Menu, true, 1f, ref applicationMenuPressed);
            }
            else if (device.GetTouchUp(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.ApplicationMenu))
            {
                OnApplicationMenuReleased(SetButtonEvent(ref applicationMenuPressed, false, 0f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Application_Menu, false, 0f, ref applicationMenuPressed);
            }
            //Grip
            if (device.GetTouchDown(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Grip))
            {
                OnGripPressed(SetButtonEvent(ref gripPressed, true, 1f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Grip, true, 1f, ref gripPressed);
            }
            else if (device.GetTouchUp(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Grip))
            {
                OnGripReleased(SetButtonEvent(ref gripPressed, false, 0f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Grip, false, 0f, ref gripPressed);
            }
            //Touchpad Pressed
            if (device.GetPressDown(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Touchpad))
            {
                OnTouchpadPressed(SetButtonEvent(ref touchpadPressed, true, 1f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Touchpad_Press, true, 1f, ref touchpadPressed);
            }
            else if (device.GetPressUp(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Touchpad))
            {
                OnTouchpadReleased(SetButtonEvent(ref touchpadPressed, false, 0f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Touchpad_Press, false, 0f, ref touchpadPressed);
            }
            //Touchpad Touched
            if (device.GetTouchDown(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Touchpad))
            {
                OnTouchpadTouchStart(SetButtonEvent(ref touchpadTouched, true, 1f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Touchpad_Touch, true, 1f, ref touchpadTouched);
            }
            else if (device.GetTouchUp(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Touchpad))
            {
                OnTouchpadTouchEnd(SetButtonEvent(ref touchpadTouched, false, 0f));
                EmitAlias(ButtonAlias.Touchpad_Touch, false, 0f, ref touchpadTouched);
            }
        }
    }
}


　　在这个类中我们可以看到，枚举类ButtonAlias里的元素，分别对应HTCVive控制柄上的按钮：

  • Trigger：能扣动的那个按钮；
  • Grip：控制柄侧面的两个按钮；
  • Touchpad_Touch：触摸板的触控；
  • Touchpad_Press：触摸板的按压；
  • Application_Menu：触摸板上方的小按钮，触摸板下方的按钮是统一的总菜单功能键，不能自定义开发，所以没有与它对应的名称。（这句是我的理解，但没有试验过，如果哪位试过，望告知...）


ControllerInteractionEventHandler类型的委托方法有：

  • TriggerPressed——扳机按下；
  • TriggerReleased——扳机放开；
  • TriggerAxisChanged——扳机轴值的改变；
  • ApplicationMenuPressed——ApplicationMenu按钮按下；
  • ApplicationMenuReleased——ApplicationMenu按钮放开；
  • GripPressed——Grip按钮按下；
  • GripReleased——Grip按钮放开；
  • TouchpadPressed——触摸板按钮按下；
  • TouchpadReleased——触摸板按钮放开；
  • TouchpadTouchStart——触摸板开始触摸；
  • TouchpadTouchEnd——触摸板结束触摸；
  • TouchpadAxisChanged——触摸板触摸时的轴值变化；

  • AliasPointerOn；
  • AliasPointerOff；
  • AliasGrabOn；
  • AliasGrabOff；
  • AliasUseOn；
  • AliasUseOff；
  • AliasMenuOn；
  • AliasMenuOff；

接下来，我们来看下，Toolkit具体是怎么自己封装的SteamVR控制柄的事件的。

　　在VRTK_ControllerEvents.cs这个脚本的Update()中，我们先找到这样一段代码：



　　从这段代码中（代码的意思很简单，我就不说了，具体看下它的逻辑处理），我们可以看到，每帧监听一次SteamVR中的控制柄状态，当监听到状态后，执行一次自己的委托事件（ControllerInteractionEventHandler），并且执行一次EmitAlias(ButtonAlias type, bool touchDown, float buttonPressure, ref bool buttonBool)方法。EmitAlias方法是用来判断并分发事件给AliasXX(oN/oFF)的（就是刚才分割线以下的那些委托方法）。

　　至于AliasXX(oN/oFF)这些委托方法怎么用？我们可以先看下这个VRTK_ControllerEvents.cs挂接脚本在Inspector面板中的序列化属性：



　　AliasXX(oN/oFF)委托方法对应：


　　至于Inspector面板中的其它属性，都没有实际用处，不需要我们去自定义，所以如果不想看到的话，可以自己在脚本中的相应变量上加上[HideInInspector]，最后：



　　Tollkit对SteamVR的封装逻辑很简单，用这么长的篇幅来说，主要目的还是想自己再仔细研究下，虽然它的逻辑简单，但是我觉的它的代码结构很漂亮。不感兴趣的，可以忽略。至于怎么用，Toolkit也给出了一个挂接脚本，很简单的用法，我挂一下它的代码就行，看完很容易理解：


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using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using VRTK;
public class VRTK_ControllerEvents_ListenerExample : MonoBehaviour {
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
        if (GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>() == null)
        {
            Debug.LogError("VRTK_ControllerEvents_ListenerExample is required to be attached to a SteamVR Controller that has the VRTK_ControllerEvents script attached to it");
            return;
        }
        
        //Setup controller event listeners
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TriggerPressed += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTriggerPressed);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TriggerReleased += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTriggerReleased);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TriggerAxisChanged += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTriggerAxisChanged);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().ApplicationMenuPressed += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoApplicationMenuPressed);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().ApplicationMenuReleased += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoApplicationMenuReleased);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().GripPressed += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoGripPressed);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().GripReleased += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoGripReleased);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TouchpadPressed += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTouchpadPressed);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TouchpadReleased += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTouchpadReleased);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TouchpadTouchStart += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTouchpadTouchStart);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TouchpadTouchEnd += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTouchpadTouchEnd);
        GetComponent<VRTK_ControllerEvents>().TouchpadAxisChanged += new ControllerInteractionEventHandler(DoTouchpadAxisChanged);
    }
    void DebugLogger(uint index, string button, string action, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        Debug.Log("Controller on index '" + index + "' " + button + " has been " + action 
                + " with a pressure of " + e.buttonPressure + " / trackpad axis at: " + e.touchpadAxis + " (" + e.touchpadAngle + " degrees)");
    }
    void DoTriggerPressed(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TRIGGER", "pressed down", e);
    }
    void DoTriggerReleased(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TRIGGER", "released", e);
    }
    void DoTriggerAxisChanged(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TRIGGER", "axis changed", e);
    }
    void DoApplicationMenuPressed(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "APPLICATION MENU", "pressed down", e);
    }
    void DoApplicationMenuReleased(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "APPLICATION MENU", "released", e);
    }
    void DoGripPressed(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "GRIP", "pressed down", e);
    }
    void DoGripReleased(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "GRIP", "released", e);
    }
    void DoTouchpadPressed(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TOUCHPAD", "pressed down", e);
    }
    void DoTouchpadReleased(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TOUCHPAD", "released", e);
    }
    void DoTouchpadTouchStart(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TOUCHPAD", "touched", e);
    }
    void DoTouchpadTouchEnd(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TOUCHPAD", "untouched", e);
    }
    void DoTouchpadAxisChanged(object sender, ControllerInteractionEventArgs e)
    {
        DebugLogger(e.controllerIndex, "TOUCHPAD", "axis changed", e);
    }
}
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