Spring整合Hibernate：2、使用Annotation方式进行声明式的事务管理

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1、加入DataSourceTransactionManager的命名空间

修改applicationContext.xml文件，增加如下内容：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

2、初始化HibernateTransactionManager

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.fz.annotation" />
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations" value="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close"
        class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
    </bean>
    <!-- annotation方式管理hibernate的sessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="packagesToScan">
            <list>
                <value>com.fz.annotation.model</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="myTxManager"/>
    <bean id="myTxManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>

这里需要配置一个HibernateTransactionManager的bean和<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="myTxManager"/>

3、在Service层使用事务管理

userServiceImpl.java

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package com.fz.annotation.service.impl;
 
import javax.annotation.Resource;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
import com.fz.annotation.dao.UserDao;
import com.fz.annotation.model.User;
import com.fz.annotation.service.UserService;
 
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    private UserDao userDao;
     
    @Transactional
    public void userAdd(User user) {
        userDao.userAdd(user);
    }
     
    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }
    @Resource(name="userDao")
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
     
}

注意：这里使用@Transactional注解来注明该方法需要使用到事务

userDaoImpl.java

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package com.fz.annotation.dao.impl;
 
import javax.annotation.Resource;
 
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
import com.fz.annotation.dao.UserDao;
import com.fz.annotation.model.User;
 
 
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    public void userAdd(User user) {
        Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
        session.save(user);
    }
    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }
    @Resource
    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }
}

4、测试

测试正常情况，结果一切正常。数据库也插入了数据

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@Test
public void getProperties(){
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_aop.xml");
    UserService userService = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(4);
    user.setUsername("test1");
    userService.userAdd(user);
}

修改userDaoImpl.java，抛出一个异常。看看是否能回滚

在userDaoImpl.java的userAdd方法中抛出一个异常

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public void userAdd(User user) {
    Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    session.save(user);
    throw new RuntimeException("aa");
}

然后再次测试的时候，发现数据库中没有插入该条数据。依然是上一次的数据

5、事务的传播特性Propagation

所谓传播特性：也就是Transaction的产生过程，以及事务来了后怎么管理这个事务。

@Transactional注解有个属性：Propagation,Propagation是一个枚举类型,默认是REQUIRED，枚举的值如下：

REQUIRED（默认，最常用，重要）

Support a current transaction, create a new one if none exists.

如果此时执行了mothod1，而method1里面又调用了method2.假如method1里面已经有了Transaction，那么method2里面就不需要再创建新的Transaction了,method2会使用原来的这个Transaction。如果method1里面没有Transaction，则method2会新建一个Transaction

例如：

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@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
public void userAdd(User user) {
    userDao.userAdd(user);
}

如果别的service调用userAdd的时候已经有了Transaction，则此时不会创建新的Transaction。如果调用的时候没有Transaction。则这里会新建一个Transaction

MANDATORY

Support a current transaction, throw an exception if none exists.

必须得有Transaction，没有则抛异常。

例如：如果把上面的REQUIRED改为MANDATORY，如果调用这个userAdd方法之前必须得有Transaction存在。否则则抛异常。

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@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.MANDATORY)
public void userAdd(User user) {
    userDao.userAdd(user);
}

NESTED

Execute within a nested transaction if a current transaction exists, behave like PROPAGATION_REQUIRED else.

如果有一个Transaction（A）存在了，则暂停A。自己新建一个Transaction（B），等B执行完了，A才会继续执行。就是新建一个Transaction内嵌到原来的Transaction中。

NEVER

Execute non-transactionally, throw an exception if a transaction exists.

必须没有Transaction，如果有Transaction则抛异常。

NOT_SUPPORTED

Execute non-transactionally, suspend the current transaction if one exists.

必须不能有Transaction，如果有则挂起原来的Transaction，暂停原来的Transaction，执行当前方法内的Transaction后，原来的Transaction再继续。

REQUIRES_NEW

Create a new transaction, suspend the current transaction if one exists.

创建一个新Transaction，如果当前有Transaction。就将其挂起（暂停)

SUPPORTS

Support a current transaction, execute non-transactionally if none exists.

支持当前Transaction，如果当前有则有，当前没有则没有。

来自为知笔记(Wiz)

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