Android AM命令使用

Android AM命令使用


Android系统可以通过终端使用AM命令启动某个指定的Activity。在具体应用中可以通过AM命令来达到启动指定Activity的目的。


 
例如启动 Camera.apk的主activity
am start -n com.android.camera/com.android.camera.Camera
其中com.android.camera是应用Activity所在的包名,com.android.camera.Camera是指定要启动的Activity。
 
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am 命令使用说明：
usage: am [subcommand] [options]


    start an Activity: am start [-D] <INTENT>
        -D: enable debugging


    send a broadcast Intent: am broadcast <INTENT>


    start an Instrumentation: am instrument [flags] <COMPONENT>
        -r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT)
        -e <NAME> <VALUE>: set argument <NAME> to <VALUE>
        -p <FILE>: write profiling data to <FILE>
        -w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning


    start profiling: am profile <PROCESS> start <FILE>
    stop profiling: am profile <PROCESS> stop


    <INTENT> specifications include these flags:
        [-a <ACTION>] [-d <DATA_URI>] [-t <MIME_TYPE>]
        [-c <CATEGORY> [-c <CATEGORY>] ...]
        [-e|--es <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_STRING_VALUE> ...]
        [--ez <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_BOOLEAN_VALUE> ...]
        [-e|--ei <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_INT_VALUE> ...]
        [-n <COMPONENT>] [-f <FLAGS>] [<URI>]
启动的方法为
# am start -n 包(package)名/包名.活动(activity)名称
启动的方法可以从每个应用的AndroidManifest.xml的文件中得到
 
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am命令在系统中的具体应用：
Music 和 Video（音乐和视频）的启动方法为：
# am start -n com.android.music/com.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity
# am start -n com.android.music/com.android.music.VideoBrowserActivity
# am start -n com.android.music/com.android.music.MediaPlaybackActivity
 
Camera（照相机）的启动方法为：
# am start --user0 -n com.android.camera/com.android.camera.Camera
 
Browser（浏览器）的启动方法为：
# am start -n com.android.browser/com.android.browser.BrowserActivity
 
启动浏览器 :
am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d  http://www.google.cn/
 
拨打电话 :
am start -a android.intent.action.CALL -d tel:10086
 
启动 google map 直接定位到北京 :
am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW geo:0,0?q=beijing






从API16开始谷歌增加了多用户模式(类似window不同用户使用，可以自行设置手机，显示则不同)
不过只能用于平板，手机仍然是一个用户，因此在Android16以上需要添加用户名 即
/*
* if(file == NULL){
//打开网页 调用am命令
execlp("am", "am", "start", "--user","0","-a", "android.intent.action.VIEW", "-d", "http://www.baidu.com", (char *) NULL);
}else{
execlp("am", "am", "start", "--user","0", "-n" , "com.itheima.cforkdemo/com.itheima.cforkdemo.MainActivity",(char *) NULL);


}


-n代表打开组件
-d代表 data
-a代表action



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何为am指令


Android自带的命令也有些Linux本身没有，而android特有的。例如android的am命令，am命令常见使用方法如下： am [subcommand] [options]，即命令后面跟着一个子命令，因为是子命令而不是参数，所以不用加-，而后面的参数就需要加-，比如am start -a *，start在这里就是子命令，-a在这里就是参数。


直接去看下am的代码Am.Java。每次在shell环境下执行am即启动一个线程执行Am.java的主函数，这个主函数的主要实现都在run方法里面，am命令后面带的参数会当做运行时参数传递个主方法，后面会根据传入的参数不同，执行不同的条件分支。可以看到当参数的个数小于1的时候，就执行showUsage()方法，即说明am命令使用方式的方法，并且有最常用的参数intent的详细使用说明。am命令中最常用到的是start命令，下面来看下这个命令的执行过程。


代码根据第一个参数判断是否是start子命令，进入private void runStart() throws Exception方法，接着进入执行解析参数的关键方法 private Intent makeIntent(int defUser) throws URISyntaxException里面。makeIntent里面用while循环根据传入的参数一点一点的配置即将使用的intent，大的比如intent的action，data小的比如flag，参数等。回到runStart方法，首先是检查am start是否接着-S（stop）参数，如果不是就跨进程调用am服务执行命令。到这里am及其start子命令的执行过程基本介绍完了。


am指令查看


命令窗口通过adb shell 进入android 的Linux命令界面，输入am -help看到如下信息： 
am指令查看


am指令使用


我们可以通过命令启动android中的Activity，Service，BroadcastReceiver 等组件


拨打一个电话： 
am start -a android.intent.action.CALL -d tel:10086 
这里-a表示动作，-d表述传入的数据，还有-t表示传入的类型。
打开一个网页： 
am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d http://www.baidu.com （这里-d表示传入的data）
打开音乐播放器： 
am start -a android.intent.action.MUSIC_PLAYER 或者 
am start -n com.android.music/om.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity 
（包名和应用名可以在Androidmanifest.xml文件查看到）
启动一个服务： 
am startservice <服务名称> 
例如：am startservice -n com.android.music/com.android.music.MediaPlaybackService (这里-n表示组件) 
或者 am startservice -a com.smz.myservice (这里-a表示动作，就是你在Androidmanifest里定义的)
发送一个广播： 
am broadcast -a <广播动作> 
例如： am broadcast -a com.smz.mybroadcast
还可放在代码中操作。
    char intent[1024] = {0};
    sprintf(intent, "am start -a com.android.browser.ProxySelector);
    system(intent);
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注：在SDK17之后，由于权限的问题，要记得在加上 –USER 0 
例如：AM BROADCAST –USER 0 -A COM.EXAMPLE.TEST


am指令全集


目标文件在\frameworks\base\cmds\am\src\com\android\commands\am


usage: am [subcommand] [options] 
usage: am start [-D] [-W] [-P ] [–start-profiler ] 
[–R COUNT] [-S] [–opengl-trace] 
[–user | current] 
am startservice [–user | current] 
am stopservice [–user | current] 
am force-stop [–user | all | current] 
am kill [–user | all | current] 
am kill-all 
am broadcast [–user | all | current] 
am instrument [-r] [-e ] [-p ] [-w] 
[–user | current] 
[–no-window-animation] 
am profile start [–user current] 
am profile stop [–user current] [] 
am dumpheap [–user current] [-n] 
am set-debug-app [-w] [–persistent] 
am clear-debug-app 
am monitor [–gdb ] 
am hang [–allow-restart] 
am restart 
am idle-maintenance 
am screen-compat [on|off] 
am to-uri [INTENT] 
am to-intent-uri [INTENT] 
am switch-user 
am stop-user 
am stack create 
am stack movetask [true|false] 
am stack resize 
am stack boxes 
am stack box


am start: start an Activity. Options are: 
-D: enable debugging 
-W: wait for launch to complete 
–start-profiler : start profiler and send results to 
-P : like above, but profiling stops when app goes idle 
-R: repeat the activity launch times. Prior to each repeat, 
the top activity will be finished. 
-S: force stop the target app before starting the activity 
–opengl-trace: enable tracing of OpenGL functions 
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not 
specified then run as the current user.


am startservice: start a Service. Options are: 
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not 
specified then run as the current user.


am stopservice: stop a Service. Options are: 
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not 
specified then run as the current user.


am force-stop: force stop everything associated with . 
–user | all | current: Specify user to force stop; 
all users if not specified.


am kill: Kill all processes associated with . Only kills. 
processes that are safe to kill – that is, will not impact the user 
experience. 
–user | all | current: Specify user whose processes to kill; 
all users if not specified.


am kill-all: Kill all background processes.


am broadcast: send a broadcast Intent. Options are: 
–user | all | current: Specify which user to send to; if not 
specified then send to all users. 
–receiver-permission : Require receiver to hold permission.


am instrument: start an Instrumentation. Typically this target 
is the form /. Options are: 
-r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT). Use with 
[-e perf true] to generate raw output for performance measurements. 
-e : set argument to . For test runners a 
common form is [-e [,…]]. 
-p : write profiling data to 
-w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning. Required for 
test runners. 
–user | current: Specify user instrumentation runs in; 
current user if not specified. 
–no-window-animation: turn off window animations while running.


am profile: start and stop profiler on a process. The given argument 
may be either a process name or pid. Options are: 
–user | current: When supplying a process name, 
specify user of process to profile; uses current user if not specified.


am dumpheap: dump the heap of a process. The given argument may 
be either a process name or pid. Options are: 
-n: dump native heap instead of managed heap 
–user | current: When supplying a process name, 
specify user of process to dump; uses current user if not specified.


am set-debug-app: set application to debug. Options are: 
-w: wait for debugger when application starts 
–persistent: retain this value


am clear-debug-app: clear the previously set-debug-app.


am bug-report: request bug report generation; will launch UI 
when done to select where it should be delivered.


am monitor: start monitoring for crashes or ANRs. 
–gdb: start gdbserv on the given port at crash/ANR


am hang: hang the system. 
–allow-restart: allow watchdog to perform normal system restart


am restart: restart the user-space system.


am idle-maintenance: perform idle maintenance now.


am screen-compat: control screen compatibility mode of .


am to-uri: print the given Intent specification as a URI.


am to-intent-uri: print the given Intent specification as an intent: URI.


am switch-user: switch to put USER_ID in the foreground, starting 
execution of that user if it is currently stopped.


am stop-user: stop execution of USER_ID, not allowing it to run any 
code until a later explicit switch to it.


am stack create: create a new stack relative to an existing one. 
: the task to populate the new stack with. Must exist. 
: existing stack box’s id. 
: 0: before , per RTL/LTR configuration, 
1: after , per RTL/LTR configuration, 
2: to left of , 
3: to right of , 4: above , 5: below 
: float between 0.2 and 0.8 inclusive.


am stack movetask: move from its current stack to the top (true) or bottom (false) of .


am stack resize: change relative size to new .


am stack boxes: list the hierarchy of stack boxes and their contents.


am stack box: list the hierarchy of stack boxes rooted at .


specifications include these flags and arguments: 
[-a ] [-d ] [-t ] 
[-c [-c ] …] 
[-e|–es …] 
[–esn …] 
[–ez …] 
[–ei …] 
[–el …] 
[–ef …] 
[–eu …] 
[–ecn ] 
[–eia [,