SpringMVC+Spring+Hibernate搭建实例
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此文是在这篇博文的基础上进行的，原文在这里http://blog.csdn.net/bjyfb/article/details/8998267
1. 说明
搭建SpringMVC+spring+hibernate的框架，项目结构如图1所示 
引用的jar包为Spring3.2.6和Hibernate4，如图2所示
2. 配置文件
2.1 spring-mvc.xml
注意看其中的注释内容，写的比较详细
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd" default-autowire="byName"> <!-- 开启注解，java文件里的@ --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 注解扫描包，注意换成自己的路径 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.lq.controller"> <!-- 只扫描@Controller的部分 --> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan> <!--完成请求和注解POJO的映射 --> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> <!-- 静态资源(js/image)的访问 ，可添加多个--> <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" /> <!-- 定义视图解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean></beans>
2.2 spring-common.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- 注意下面配置中的spring-*.xsd的版本号要与使用的jar包匹配 --><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 只解析除controller之外的注解(即解析service、dao), 避免重复加载导致事务失效 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.lq"> <!-- annotation为spting-mvc中解析的内容 --> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan> <!-- 配置数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <!-- 换成自己的数据库路径 --> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/mvctest"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置SessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <!-- packagesToScan 扫描包所在路径（name中的内容其实是个关键字，可以扫描一整个包） --> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <!-- 此处可添加多个entity --> <value>com.lq.entity</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <!-- 第一次生成数据库的时候用create，之后换成update，否则内容会清空 --> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext </prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置一个事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <!-- 拦截的是下段配置aop里设置的路径，即txPointcut中配置的路径 --> <!-- 具体的propagation含义请自查 --> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="merge*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="put*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="use*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <!--hibernate4必须配置为开启事务 否则 getCurrentSession()获取不到 --> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="count*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="list*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config expose-proxy="true"> <!-- 只对业务逻辑层（service层）实施事务 --> <aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.lq.service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut" /> </aop:config></beans>
2.3 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Spring-MVC-model</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 加载所有的配置文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置Spring监听 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 配置SpringMVC --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置字符集 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置Session --> <filter> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping></web-app>
3. POJO类
3.1 User
package com.lq.entity;import javax.persistence.*;import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;@Entity//创建的数据库表名称@Table(name = "T_USER")public class User { @Id //关键字生成模式 @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid") @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid") @Column(length = 32) private String id; @Column(length = 32) private String userName; @Column(length = 32) private String age; //省略了get和set方法}3.2 Customer
package com.lq.entity;import javax.persistence.*;import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;@Entity@Table(name = "t_customer")public class Customer { @Id @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid") @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid") @Column(length = 32) private String id; @Column(length = 32) private String name; @Column(length = 32) private String age; //省略了get和set方法4. Dao层
4.1 UserDao
package com.lq.dao;import java.util.List;import com.lq.entity.User;public interface UserDao { public User getUser(String id); public List<User> getAllUser(); public void addUser(User user); public boolean delUser(String id); public boolean updateUser(User user);}4.2 UserDaoImpl
实现了UserDao中的接口
package com.lq.dao;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import com.lq.entity.User;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;//注入@Repositorypublic class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { //注入已在spring-common.xml中配制好的sessionFactory @Resource(name = "sessionFactory") private SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override public User getUser(String id) { String hql = "from User u where u.id=?"; Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); query.setString(0, id); return (User) query.uniqueResult(); } @Override public List<User> getAllUser() { String hql = "from User"; Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); return query.list(); } @Override public void addUser(User user) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user); } @Override public boolean delUser(String id) { String hql = "delete User u where u.id = ?"; Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); query.setString(0, id); return (query.executeUpdate() > 0); } @Override public boolean updateUser(User user) { String hql = "update User u set u.userName = ?,u.age=? where u.id = ?"; Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); query.setString(0, user.getUserName()); query.setString(1, user.getAge()); query.setString(2, user.getId()); return (query.executeUpdate() > 0); }}4.3 CustomerDao
因为CustomerDao主要是用来测试hibernate的事务机制是否起作用的，所以就写了一个方法
package com.lq.dao;import com.lq.entity.Customer;public interface CustomerDao { public void addCustomer(Customer customer);}4.4 CustomerDaoImpl
package com.lq.dao;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.lq.entity.Customer;@Repositorypublic class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao { @Resource(name = "sessionFactory") private SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override public void addCustomer(Customer customer) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(customer); }}5. Service层
5.1 UserService
package com.lq.service;import java.util.List;import com.lq.entity.User;public interface UserService { public User getUser(String id); public List<User> getAllUser(); public void addUser(User user); public boolean delUser(String id); public boolean updateUser(User user);}5.2 UserServiceImpl
package com.lq.service;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.lq.dao.CustomerDao;import com.lq.dao.UserDao;import com.lq.entity.Customer;import com.lq.entity.User;//注入Service@Servicepublic class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { //注入Dao @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Autowired private CustomerDao customerDao; @Override public User getUser(String id) { return userDao.getUser(id); } @Override public List<User> getAllUser() { return userDao.getAllUser(); } @Override public void addUser(User user) { userDao.addUser(user); } @Override public boolean delUser(String id) { return userDao.delUser(id); } @Override public boolean updateUser(User user) { return userDao.updateUser(user); }}5.3 CustomerService
package com.lq.service;import com.lq.entity.Customer;public interface CustomerService { public void addCustomer(Customer customer);}5.4 CustomerServiceImpl
package com.lq.service;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.lq.dao.CustomerDao;import com.lq.entity.Customer;@Servicepublic class CustomerServiceImpl implements CustomerService { @Autowired private CustomerDao customerDao; @Override public void addCustomer(Customer customer) { customerDao.addCustomer(customer); }}6. Controller层 - UserController
package com.lq.controller;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import com.lq.entity.User;import com.lq.service.CustomerService;import com.lq.service.UserService;//注入controller@Controller@RequestMapping("/user")public class UserController { //注入service @Autowired private UserService userService; @Autowired private CustomerService customerService; @RequestMapping("/getAllUser") public String getAllUser(HttpServletRequest request) { request.setAttribute("userList", userService.getAllUser()); return "/index"; } @RequestMapping("/getUser") public String getUser(String id, HttpServletRequest request) { request.setAttribute("user", userService.getUser(id)); return "/editUser"; } @RequestMapping("/toAddUser") public String toAddUser() { return "/addUser"; } @RequestMapping("/addUser") public String addUser(User user, HttpServletRequest request) { try { userService.addUser(user); return "redirect:/user/getAllUser"; } catch (Exception e) { return "/error"; } } @RequestMapping("/delUser") public void delUser(String id, HttpServletResponse response) { String result = "{\"result\":\"error\"}"; if (userService.delUser(id)) { result = "{\"result\":\"success\"}"; } response.setContentType("application/json"); try { PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.write(result); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @RequestMapping("/updateUser") public String updateUser(User user, HttpServletRequest request) { if (userService.updateUser(user)) { user = userService.getUser(user.getId()); request.setAttribute("user", user); return "redirect:/user/getAllUser"; } else { return "/error"; } }}7. 前台界面
7.1 index.jsp
在搭建时注意更换自己的路径，别忘了引入jQuery包
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function del(id){ $.get("/Spring-MVC-model/user/delUser?id=" + id,function(data){ if("success" == data.result){ alert("删除成功"); window.location.reload(); }else{ alert("删除失败"); } }); } </script> </head> <body> <h6><a href="/Spring-MVC-model/user/toAddUser">添加用户</a></h6> <table border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> <c:if test="${!empty userList }"> <c:forEach items="${userList }" var="user"> <tr> <td>${user.userName }</td> <td>${user.age }</td> <td> <a href="/Spring-MVC-model/user/getUser?id=${user.id }">编辑</a> <a href="javascript:del('${user.id }')">删除</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </c:if> </tbody> </table> </body> </html> 7.2 login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><h5><a href="/Spring-MVC-model/user/getAllUser">进入用户管理页</a></h5> </body></html>
7.3 addUser.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function addUser(){ var form = document.forms[0]; form.action = "/Spring-MVC-model/user/addUser"; form.method="post"; form.submit(); } </script> </head> <body> <h1>添加用户</h1> <form action="" name="userForm"> 姓名：<input type="text" name="userName"> 年龄：<input type="text" name="age"> <input type="button" value="添加" onclick="addUser()"> </form> </body> </html> 7.4 editUser.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>编辑用户</h1> <form action="/Spring-MVC-model/user/updateUser" name="userForm" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="${user.id }"> 姓名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${user.userName }"> 年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="${user.age }"> <input type="submit" value="编辑" > </form> </body> </html> 7.5 error.jsp和success.jsp只有一行文字
8. 执行
现在，就可以用tomcat启动工程了，显示效果如下
8.1 载入页面
从此地址进入：http://localhost:8080/Spring-MVC-model/login.jsp
8.2 显示存在用户
8.3 添加用户
8.4 删除用户
9. 检测Hibernate事务机制
首先，在UserServiceImpl中，修改addUser方法
@Override public void addUser(User user) { /* 用于测试hibernate的事务机制是否起作用 * 在数据库中把user表的age字段设置为Not NULL，即输入null值会报错 * 正确保存customer数据后，user数据会因为null值报错 * 此时，若事务机制启动，则customer和user的数据都不会保存*/ Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setAge("15"); customer.setName("43"); customerDao.addCustomer(customer); userDao.addUser(user); }然后执行，发现两个表的数据添加成功。 接着，再在该addUser方法下，添加语句，使user的age为null
@Override public void addUser(User user) { ... user.setAge(null); userDao.addUser(user); }并数据库中User表的age字段设置为Not null
最后执行，会显示error界面。此时查看数据库，customer和user的数据都没有写入，证明hibernate事务起作用了。
10. 遇到的错误
10.1 jar包引用错误
报错信息如下
- 1
- 1
当时没把错误记下来，但是解决方法是一样的。错误原因是由于spring的配置文件中开头的注释与使用的jar包不匹配。
出处：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13080485/spring-mvc-3-issue-with-the-resources-tag
10.2 Error creating bean with name ‘UserServiceImpl’: Injection of resource dependencies failed;
这类错误多半是配置文件的问题，请仔细查看spring-*.xml中配置的项目路径，以及接口实现（Impl）的文件中是否使用注入（@）
10.3 引用<%@ taglib prefix=”c” uri=”http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core” %>出错
需要导入jstl.jar和standard.jar两个jar包。
11. 结束语
至此，SpringMVC和Hibernate都可以跑起来了，如遇到问题，请静心仔细看注释部分。其他的内容就要不断地摸索了。再次感谢原作者的分享以及帮助我的朋友们。
附上项目下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/shaunqing/8672283
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