Attrs学习<致健忘的自己>

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      1.使用xml文件可以快速有效的定义我们app的界面,可是有时候官方定义的一些基本组件不够用,于是我们就需要自定义组件来满足我们的开发需求,因此,我们就借助attrs.xml来实现,改目录位于res/values目录:下面是studio创建attrs.xml



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>    <!--是一个declare-styleable组,这个组名字myStudy(想写什么写什么最好顾名思义),后面布局文件中会用到, attr标签是定义属性名字以及属性值 -->    <declare-styleable name="myStudy">        <attr name="textColor" format="color"></attr>        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"></attr>    </declare-styleable>    <!--是一个declare-styleable组,也可以不要,直接写attr属性 -->    </resources>

       2.简单写一下自定义的myView:

public class MyView extends View {    private Paint mPaint;    private static final String mString = "Study Custom Attrs !!!!";    public MyView(Context context, int[] myStudy) {        super(context);    }    public MyView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {        super(context, attrs);        mPaint = new Paint();        //TypedArray是一个数组容器:作用就是资源的映射作用    TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.myStudy);        //设置TextView的各个属性值     float textSize = ta.getDimension(R.styleable.myStudy_textSize , 30);         int textColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.myStudy_textColor , 0xFFFFFFF);        //为画笔设置各个属性值     mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);         mPaint.setColor(textColor);        //释放内存回收TypedArray     ta.recycle();    }    @Override    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {        super.onDraw(canvas);        mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);        //设置填充       // Paint.Style.FILL    :填充内部        // Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE  :填充内部和描边       // Paint.Style.STROKE  :仅描边        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);        //绘制矩形控件:左、上、右 、底        canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10 , 10 ,310 , 100) ,mPaint);        //画笔颜色        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);        //绘制文字:坐标X10 y100        canvas.drawText(mString, 20, 65 ,mPaint);    }

       3.布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    xmlns:myStudy="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    tools:context="com.example.wangqing.studyattrs.MainActivity">    <com.example.wangqing.studyattrs.MyView        android:id="@+id/id_my"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        myStudy:textSize="14sp"        myStudy:textColor="#ff22ff"        /></RelativeLayout>

布局文件xmlns:myStudy="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"就是对我们自定义的attrs引入,

 myStudy:textSize="14sp" myStudy:textColor="#ff22ff"
属性就是我们attrs定义的属性


      4.进入知识拓展:

              001.两个styleable,同时包含了相同的属性custom,这时在编译时会提示Attribute “xxx” has already been defined,表示相同属性重复定义:a.相同styleable name不能再同一个attr.xml中重复定义,b.styleable name不一致attir name也不能重复定义,attr format属性不影响重复定义结果。因此可以采用如下方法解决该问题

<declare-styleable name="Sample">    <attr name="custom" format="string|reference" /></declare-styleable><declare-styleable name="Sample1">    <attr name="custom" format="string|reference" /></declare-styleable>

<attr name="custom" format="string|reference" /><declare-styleable name="Sample">   <attr name="custom" /></declare-styleable> <declare-styleable name="Sample1">    <attr name="custom" /></declare-styleable>

          002.AttributeSet与TypedArray

         构造方法中的有个参数叫做AttributeSet(eg: MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) )这个参数看名字就知道包含的是参数的集合,那么我能不能通过它去获取我的自定义属性呢?
        首先AttributeSet中的确保存的是该View声明的所有的属性,并且外面的确可以通过它去获取(自定义的)属性,怎么做呢?
其实看下AttributeSet的方法就明白了,下面看代码。

public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {    super(context, attrs);    TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.test);    String text = ta.getString(R.styleable.test_testAttr);    int textAttr = ta.getInteger(R.styleable.test_text, -1);    Log.e(TAG, "text = " + text + " , textAttr = " + textAttr);    ta.recycle();  }

public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {    super(context, attrs);    int count = attrs.getAttributeCount();    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {      String attrName = attrs.getAttributeName(i);      String attrVal = attrs.getAttributeValue(i);      Log.e(TAG, "attrName = " + attrName + " , attrVal = " + attrVal);    }    // ==>use typedarray ...  }

           但是,在

    android:layout_width="@dimen/dp100"    android:layout_height="@dimen/dp200"
这种情况时AttributeSet取得值就是一个不知道的东西,而TypedArray依然可以取得对应的值,所以TypedArray是用来简化我们的工作的,再次建议大家使用TypedArray

      

          003.Android自定义属性详解(网络粘贴):

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
                     />
2. color:颜色值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <TextView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                     />
3. boolean:布尔值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:focusable = "true"
                    />
4. dimension:尺寸值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    />
5. float:浮点值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                   />
6. integer:整型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <animated-rotate
                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"
                   />
7. string:字符串。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                    />
8. fraction:百分数。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
                 android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"
                 android:pivotX = "200%"
                 android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"
                 android:repeatMode = "restart"
                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                   />
9. enum:枚举值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <LinearLayout
                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
     (1)属性定义:
             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>
     (2)属性使用:
            <activity
                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>

             </activity>
     注意:
     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
                     />

       






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