python实操（5）：python数据类型及常用操作，数字、字符串、元组、列表、字典、集合

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#!/usr/bin/python# encoding:utf-8# Filename : pythonDataType.py# author by :morespeech# python2.7# platform:visual studio code, windows# topic: practice every day# detial: describe Python data type# !/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import mathclass cPythonDataType:    def number(self):        print ("add:   x+y=", 6 + 2)        print ("plus:  x-y=", 6 - 2)        print ("mult:  x*y=", 6 * 2)        print ("divide:x/y=", 6 / 2)        print ("mode:  x%y=", 6 % 2)        print ("power: x**y=", 6 ** 2)        print ("sqrt: sqrt(x)=", math.sqrt(6))    def string(self):        string = "morespeech"        print string           # index [0, len]        print (string[0:])     # index [0, len)        print (string[2:])     # index [2,len)        print (string[2:6])    # index [2, 6)        print string * 2       # double print        print string + string  # double print# 列表：使用‘[]’，一种有序的集合，元素可变，可以随时添加和删除其中元素    def list(self):        L = list("morespeech")  # create list        print '(0):', L        nElement = len(L)        print '(1):', nElement  # number of elements in list        print '(2):', L[0]      # access first element        print '(3):', L[-1]     # access last element        L.insert(0, ' world')   # insert element in special position        print '(4):', L        L.append(' hello')      # append element        print '(5):', L        L.remove(' world')      # remove first matching element        print '(6):', L        L.extend(L)             # extend list; add a new list at the tail        print '(7):', L        L.reverse()             # reverse elements        print '(8):', L        L.sort()                # sort list        print '(9):', L        cnt = L.count('e')      # cout the number of occurrences of the element        print '(10):', cnt        index = L.index('e')    # get the first matching position of element        print '(11):', index# 元组：使用‘()’，与列表类似，但元素不能修改    def tuple(self):        tup1 = ('more ', 'speech')        tup2 = (2, 0, 1, 7)        print '(0):', tup1[0]        # access first element        print '(1):', tup1+tup2      # join the tuple        maxval = max(tup2)           # get the max value in tuple        print '(2):', maxval        retval = cmp(tup1, tup1)     # compare tup1 with tup2: retval=0, same; retval=1,diff        print '(3):', retval        nElem = len(tup1)            # number of elements in tuple        print '(4):', nElem        new_tup = tuple([1, 2])      # list -> tuple        print '(5):', new_tup        print '(6):',        for elem in tup1:            # traversal tuple            print elem,# 字典：使用‘{}’, 是一种无序的对象组合，字典中的元素通过键来获取,j键和值一一对应    def dict(self):        dict1 = {'more': 1, 'speech': 2}        dict2 = {'2': 2}        print '(0):', dict1['speech']        # access element        dict1['hello'] = 4                   # add a new element        print '(1):', dict1        del dict1['hello']                   # delete element        print '(2):', dict1        retval = cmp(dict1, dict2)           # compare dict1 with dict2: retval=0, same;1, dict1>dict2;-1, dict1<dict2        print '(3):', retval        nElem = len(dict1)                   # number of elements in dict        print '(4):', nElem        keys = dict1.keys()                  # get all the dict keys        print '(5):', keys        values = dict1.values()              # get all the dict values        print '(6):', values        retval = 'more' in dict1             # check the key exists: exist, retval = true; or, retval = false        print '(7):', retval        value = dict1.get('more', None)      # get the value correspond to key 'more'        print '(8):', value        dict1.update(dict2)                  # add dict2 to dict1        print '(9):', dict1        dict1.clear()                        # clear the dict        print '(10):', dict1        del dict1                            # delete dict        # print dict1                        # error, dict1 does not exist# 集合: 建立无序的，'不重合'的元素    def set(self):        S1 = set(['more', 'speech', 1, 2, 3])  # create set using list        S2 = set(['more', 'speech', 'hello'])        print '(0):', S1        S1.add('hello')                        # add a new element        print '(1):', S1        S1.remove('hello')                     # remove a element        print '(2):', S1        S = S1 & S2                            # intersection: S1 ∩ S2, get the common elements between S1 and S2        print '(3):', S        S = S1 | S2                            # union: S1 ∪ S2        print '(4):', Sif __name__ == "__main__":    # cPythonDataType().number()    # cPythonDataType().string()    # cPythonDataType().list()    # cPythonDataType().tuple()    # cPythonDataType().dict()    cPythonDataType().set()
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