编写一unix程序,防止僵尸进程的出现.

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僵尸进程的避免
⒈父进程通过wait和waitpid等函数等待子进程结束,这会导致父进程挂起。
⒉ 如果父进程很忙,那么可以用signal函数为SIGCHLD安装handler,因为子进程结束后, 父进程会收到该信号,可以在handler中调用wait回收。
⒊ 如果父进程不关心子进程什么时候结束,那么可以用signal(SIGCHLD,SIG_IGN) 通知内核,自己对子进程的结束不感兴趣,那么子进程结束后,内核会回收, 并不再给父进程发送信号。
⒋ 还有一些技巧,就是fork两次,父进程fork一个子进程,然后继续工作,子进程fork一 个孙进程后退出,那么孙进程被init接管,孙进程结束后,init会回收。不过子进程的回收 还要自己做。
#include "apue.h"#include <sys/wait.h>int main(void) ...{pid_t pid;if ((pid = fork()) < 0){err_sys("fork error");} else if (pid == 0) { /* first child */if ((pid = fork()) < 0)err_sys("fork error");else if (pid > 0)exit(0); /* parent from second fork == first child *// * We're the second child; our parent becomes init as soonas our real parent calls exit() in the statement above. Here's where we'd continue executing,knowing that whenwe're done,init will reap our status.*/sleep⑵;printf("second child,parent pid = %d ",getppid());exit(0);}if (waitpid(pid,NULL,0) != pid) /* wait for first child */err_sys("waitpid error");/ * We're the parent (the original process); we continue executing,knowing that we're not the parent of the second child.*/exit(0);}


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