Rman简明备忘录

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Author:NinGoo

Version:0.1
修改日期:2005-03-01
Mail:NinGoo#itpub.net

测试环境

Oracle Version: 9.2.0.1.0

OS Version:Windows 2000 Server

RMAN备份的信息可以保存在专门的catalog数据库中，也可以保存在目标DB的控制文件中。

初始化参数control_file_record_keep_time指定了控制文件保存RMAN备份信息的天数，默认是7。

1.     使用Catalog数据库
建议catalog放在单独的instance上,假设名为rcvcat
a.添加tablespace
create tablespace rman datafile ‘rman01.dbf’ size 20M;
b.创建用户
  create users rman identified by rman default tablespace rman;
c.授权
grant RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER to rman;
grant connect,resource to rman;

C:/>rman catalog rman/rman@rcvcat                   ---连接到catalog所在的server
RMAN>create catalog;                                         ---创建Catalog
RMAN>exit
C:/>rman catalog rman/rman@rcvcat target /           ---连接目标数据库
RMAN>register database;                                     ---注册目标数据库
RMAN>upgrade catalog;                                       ---升级catalog
RMAN>drop catalog;                                            ---删除catalog

2. 不使用Catalog
C:/>rman nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.1.0 – Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
RMAN>connect target /
connected to target database: OraDB (DBID=3038703659)
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog

3. RMAN配置
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/snapcf_Technet.f'; # default

4. RMAN基本命令
列出数据库的schema
RMAN>report schema;
列出废弃的备份
RMAN>report obsolete;
检查备份
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
删除过期失效的备份信息
RMAN>delete expired backup;
备份表空间
RMAN>backup tablespace system;
拷贝数据文件
RMAN>copy datafile 1 to ‘d:/oracle/oraback/datafile1.dbf’;
列出备份和拷贝
RMAN>list backup;
RMAN>list copy;
验证备份能否还原
RMAN>restore database validate;

5. 备份脚本
热全备
---backup.bat
for /f "Tokens=1-4 Delims=/ " %%i in ('date /t') do set dt=%%i%%j%%k
rman nocatalog target sys/pass @d:/backup_full.rcv >D:/oracle/oraback/backup_Full_%dt%.log
---backup_full.rcv
# script:bakup_full.rcv
# desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman
# connect database
#connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;
#connect target sys/pass ;
# start backup database
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup full tag 'Full' filesperset 5 format 'D:/oracle/oraback/%d_Full_%T_%u_%p_%c' database include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all filesperset 5 format 'D:/oracle/oraback/%d_Log_%T_%u_%p_%c';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
release channel c1;
}
# end
0级备份
---backup0.bat
for /f "Tokens=1-4 Delims=/ " %%i in ('date /t') do set dt=%%i%%j%%k
rman nocatalog target sys/pass @d:/backup_lvl_0.rcv >D:/oracle/oraback/backup_Level0_%dt%.log
---backup_lvl_0.rcv
# script:bakup_lvl_0.rcv
# desc:backup database with incremental level 0 datafile in archive with rman
# connect database
#connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;
#connect target sys/pass ;
# start backup database
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 tag 'Level_0' maxsetsize=500M format 'D:/oracle/oraback/%d_Level0_%T_%u_%p_%c' database include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all filesperset 5 format 'D:/oracle/oraback/%d_Log_%T_%u_%p_%c';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
release channel c1;
}
# end
1级备份
---backup1.bat
for /f "Tokens=1-4 Delims=/ " %%i in ('date /t') do set dt=%%i%%j%%k
rman nocatalog target sys/pass @d:/backup_lvl_0.rcv >D:/oracle/oraback/backup_Level0_%dt%.log
---backup_lvl_1.rcv
# script:bakup_lvl_1.rcv
# desc:backup database with incremental level 0 datafile in archive with rman
# connect database
#connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;
#connect target sys/pass ;
# start backup database
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
#backup incremental level 1 cumulative tag 'Level_1' …
backup incremental level 1 tag 'Level_1' format 'D:/oracle/oraback/%d_Level1_%T_%u_%p_%c' database include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all filesperset 5 format 'D:/oracle/oraback/%d_Log_%T_%u_%p_%c';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
release channel c1;
}
# end
注：
%c 备份片的拷贝数
%d 数据库名称
%D 位于该月中的第几天 (DD)
%M 位于该年中的第几月 (MM)
%F 一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD为日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列
%n 数据库名称，向右填补到最大八个字符
%u 一个八个字符的名称代表备份集与创建时间
%p 该备份集中的备份片号，从1开始到创建的文件数
%U 一个唯一的文件名，代表%u_%p_%c
%s 备份集的号
%t 备份集时间戳
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)

6.     还原与恢复
完全恢复
C:/>rman nocatalog
RMAN>connect target /
RMAN>run {
        allocate channel c1 type disk;
        alter database mount;
        restore database;
        recover database;
        alter database open;
        release channel c1;
       }
不完全恢复
C:/>rman nocatalog
RMAN>connect target /
RMAN>run {
        allocate channel c1 type disk;
        set until time ‘2005-01-24 15:20:00’;
        #set until sequence 120 thread 1;
        alter database mount;
        restore database;
        recover database;
        alter database resetlogs
        release channel c1;
       }
恢复控制文件
可以使用如下方法，在RMAN中恢复备份片的控制文件
restore controlfile from backuppiecefile;
如果是9i的自动备份，可以采用如下的方法
restore controlfile from autobackup;
但是，如果控制文件全部丢失，需要指定DBID，如SET DBID=?
自动备份控制文件的默认格式是%F，这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ，其中IIIIIIIIII就是DBID

特殊恢复
如果catalog和控制文件中的备份信息丢失，可以通过dbms_backup_restore包来直接从备份集恢复
restore控制文件
declare
devtype varchar2(100)
done boolean;
recid number;
stamp number;
fullname varchar2(100);
begin
devtype:=dbms_backup_restore.deviceallocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1'); dbms_backup_restore.restoresetdatafile; dbms_backup_restore.restorecontrolfileto(' d:/oracle/o

Radata/TEST/control01.ctl'); dbms_backup_restore.restorebackuppiece(' D:/oracle/oraback/C-3965546666-20050228-00',DONE=>done); sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; End;

/
restore 0级备份文件
declare
devtype varchar2(100)
done boolean;
recid number;
stamp number;
fullname varchar2(100);
begin
devtype:=dbms_backup_restore.deviceallocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1'); sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; sys.dbms_backup_restore. restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,toname=>'d:/oracle/o

Radata/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF'); sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,toname=>' d:/oracle/o

Radata/TEST/UNDOTBS01.DBF'); … sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>' D:/oracle/oraback/TEST_LEVEL0_20050228_46GDTAV8_1_1 ', params=>null); sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>' D:/oracle/oraback/TEST_LEVEL0_20050228_47GDTB28_1_1 ', params=>null); sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; END; /restore 1级备份文件
declare
devtype varchar2(100)
done boolean;
recid number;
stamp number;
fullname varchar2(100);
begin

devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.applySetDatafile;sys.dbms_backup_restore.applyDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,toname=>' d:/oracle/o

Radata/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.applyDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,toname=>' d:/oracle/o

Radata/TEST/UNDOTBS01.DBF');

…

sys.dbms_backup_restore.applyBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>' D:/oracle/oraback/ TEST_LEVEL1_20050301_4AGE6UDI_1_1 ', params=>null); sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

END; /

restore 归档日志
declare
devtype varchar2(100)
done boolean;
recid number;
stamp number;
fullname varchar2(100);
begin

devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');

sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetArchivedLog; sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreArchivedLogRange; sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>' D:/oracle/oraback/TEST_LOG_20050228_48GDTB5K_1_1', params=>null); sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

End; /

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