MYSQL学习篇之001-LINUX环境MYSQL源代码安装总结

MYSQL学习篇之001-LINUX环境MYSQL源代码安装总结

      以前主要使用MSSQL,ORACLE,SYBASE数据库，最近公司使用MYSQL，
开始参考官方文档REFMAN-5.6-EN.A4.PDF进行学习。本文主要是最近安装过程的一个总结。
     采用源代码安装MYSQL5.6主要有以下工作要做：

1 准备硬件(虚拟机)、操作系统（CENTOS）
2 安装编译源代码需要的一些工具软件与依赖库
3 下载源代码
4 编译源代码
5 安装
6 配置
7 启动
下面详细记录安装过程，方便以后再用。

1 准备硬件(虚拟机)、操作系统（CENTOS）

虚拟机采用公司统一分配的帐号，操作系统信息为：

# uname -a
Linux FZ-Centos-23 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

2 安装编译源代码需要的一些工具软件与依赖库
2.1 安装 LIBAIO

# yum install libaio

# yum search libaio
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
     * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
    base                                                                                                      | 3.7 kB     00:00     
    extras                                                                                                    | 3.4 kB     00:00     
    updates                                                                                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00     
    updates/primary_db                                                                                        | 5.4 MB     00:03     
    ====================================================== N/S Matched: libaio ======================================================
    libaio.i686 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
    libaio.x86_64 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
    libaio-devel.i686 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access
    libaio-devel.x86_64 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access
    
      Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

2.2 安装 BISON

# yum install bison
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bison.x86_64 0:2.4.1-5.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================================================
 Package                      Arch                          Version                            Repository                   Size
=================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 bison                        x86_64                        2.4.1-5.el6                        base                        637 k

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 637 k
Installed size: 2.0 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
bison-2.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                              | 637 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : bison-2.4.1-5.el6.x86_64                                                                                      1/1
  Verifying  : bison-2.4.1-5.el6.x86_64                                                                                      1/1

Installed:
  bison.x86_64 0:2.4.1-5.el6                                                                                                     

Complete!

2.3 安装 yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf make (略)

根据编译时提示,再安装缺少的依赖工具或库.

3 下载源代码(存入/usr/loca/src/mysql)
3.1 使用GIT下载源代码

# git clone https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server.git
        Initialized empty Git repository in /usr/local/src/mysql/mysql-server/.git/
        remote: Counting objects: 1214340, done.
        remote: Compressing objects: 100% (7/7), done.
        Receiving objects: 100% (1214340/1214340), 1.01 GiB | 152 KiB/s, done.
        remote: Total 1214340 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1214333
        Resolving deltas: 100% (1005862/1005862), done.

3.2 查看当前分析，带*为活动状态

    [root@FZ-Centos-23 mysql-server]# pwd
    /usr/local/src/mysql/mysql-server
    [root@FZ-Centos-23 mysql-server]# git branch -r
      origin/5.5
      origin/5.6
      origin/5.7
      origin/8.0
      origin/HEAD -> origin/5.7
      origin/cluster-7.2
      origin/cluster-7.3
      origin/cluster-7.4
      origin/cluster-7.5
    [root@FZ-Centos-23 mysql-server]# git branch
    * 5.7

3.3设置分支为活动状态    

    [root@FZ-Centos-23 mysql-server]# git checkout 5.6
    Branch 5.6 set up to track remote branch 5.6 from origin.
    Switched to a new branch '5.6'
    [root@FZ-Centos-23 mysql-server]# git branch
    * 5.6
      5.7

3.4 在源代码 mysql-server 同级目录下新建文件夹 bld 用于编译

    mkdir bld
    cd bld

4 编译源代码在源代码
4.1 使用CMAKE生成MAKEFILE文件

CMake是一个跨平台的安装（编译）工具，可以用简单的语句来描述所有平台的安装     (编译过程)。
     他能够输出各种各样的makefile或者project文件，能测试编译器所支持的C++特性,
     类似UNIX下的automake。CMake 可以编译源代码、制作程式库、产生适配器（wrapper）、
     还可以用任意的顺序建构执行档。CMake 支持 in-place 建构（二进档和源代码在同一个目录树中）
     和 out-of-place 建构（二进档在别的目录里），
     因此可以很容易从同一个源代码目录树中建构出多个二进档。
     CMake 也支持静态与动态程式库的建构。

]# cmake ../mysql-server/
-- Running cmake version 3.8.0-rc2
-- Found Git: /usr/bin/git (found version "1.7.1")
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
......
-- Using cmake version 3.8.0-rc2
-- Not building NDB
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED - Success
-- Library mysqlclient depends on OSLIBS -lpthread;m;rt;dl
-- Googletest was not found. gtest-based unit tests will be disabled. You can run cmake . -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 to automatically download and build required components from source.
-- If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an https proxy: export https_proxy=http://example.com:80
-- Library mysqlserver depends on OSLIBS -lpthread;m;rt;crypt;dl
-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: RelWithDebInfo
-- COMPILE_DEFINITIONS: HAVE_CONFIG_H
-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS:  -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement
-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:  -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Woverloaded-virtual -Wno-unused-parameter
-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF
-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /usr/local/src/mysql/bld

4.2 编译源代码

# make
        Scanning dependencies of target gmock_main
        [  9%] Building CXX object googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_main.dir/__/googletest/src/gtest-all.cc.o
        [ 18%] Building CXX object googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_main.dir/src/gmock-all.cc.o
        [ 27%] Building CXX object googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_main.dir/src/gmock_main.cc.o
        [ 36%] Linking CXX static library libgmock_main.a
        [ 36%] Built target gmock_main
        Scanning dependencies of target gmock
        [ 45%] Building CXX object googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock.dir/__/googletest/src/gtest-all.cc.o
        [ 54%] Building CXX object googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock.dir/src/gmock-all.cc.o
        [ 63%] Linking CXX static library libgmock.a
        [ 63%] Built target gmock
        Scanning dependencies of target gtest
        [ 72%] Building CXX object googlemock/gtest/CMakeFiles/gtest.dir/src/gtest-all.cc.o
        [ 81%] Linking CXX static library libgtest.a
        [ 81%] Built target gtest
        Scanning dependencies of target gtest_main
        [ 90%] Building CXX object googlemock/gtest/CMakeFiles/gtest_main.dir/src/gtest_main.cc.o
        [100%] Linking CXX static library libgtest_main.a
        [100%] Built target gtest_main

5 安装
5.1 建立用户与组        

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
配置 ,修改安装路径的用户属性
cd /usr/local
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql

5.2 安装

# make install
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-connect
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-create
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-insert
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-select
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-transactions
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-wisconsin

5.3 初始化数据

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

2017-03-29 18:31:42 4401 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.35 started; log sequence number 1626027
        2017-03-29 18:31:42 4401 [Note] Binlog end
        2017-03-29 18:31:42 4401 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
        2017-03-29 18:31:42 4401 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
        2017-03-29 18:31:43 4401 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1626037
        OK
        
        To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
        support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
        
        PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
        To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
        
          ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
          ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h FZ-Centos-23 password 'new-password'
        
        Alternatively you can run:
        
          ./bin/mysql_secure_installation
        
        which will also give you the option of removing the test
        databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
        strongly recommended for production servers.
        
        See the manual for more instructions.
        
        You can start the MySQL daemon with:
        
          cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &
        
        You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
        
          cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
        
        Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
        
        The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
        
          http://www.mysql.com
        
        Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
        
        New default config file was created as ./my.cnf and
        will be used by default by the server when you start it.
        You may edit this file to change server settings

6 配置
6.1 修改 /etc/my.cnf
        [root@FZ-Centos-23 mysql]# ln /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
        [root@FZ-Centos-23 mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf

6.2 添加到服务中
        把文件/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server 复制一份到 /etc/init.d ,并重新命名为 mysqld,
        并修改文件内的  basedir=/usr/local/mysql
                                   datadir=/usr/local/msyql/data
        # chkconfig mysqld on


7 启动

service mysqld start
service mysqld stop

8 初始化root密码

  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost password '123456'
或
mysql> use mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root';
root密码忘记问题处理
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using passwor YES)
    解决办法：
    vi /etc/my.cnf
    在 [mysqld]
    下增加一行
    skip-grant-tables
    保存退出，重新启动MYSQL