前景检测算法_4(opencv自带GMM)

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前景检测算法_4(opencv自带GMM)

  前面已经有3篇博文介绍了背景减图方面相关知识(见下面的链接),在第3篇博文中自己也实现了gmm简单算法,但效果不是很好,下面来体验下opencv自带2个gmm算法。

  opencv实现背景减图法1(codebook和平均背景法)

  http://www.cnblogs.com/tornadomeet/archive/2012/04/08/2438158.html

  opencv实现背景减图法2(帧差法)

  http://www.cnblogs.com/tornadomeet/archive/2012/05/01/2477629.html

  opencv实现背景减图法3(GMM)

  http://www.cnblogs.com/tornadomeet/archive/2012/06/02/2531565.html

  工程环境opencv2.3.1+vs2010

  实现功能:与上面第三篇博文一样,完成动态背景的训练,来检测前景。

  数据来源和前面的一样: http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/jckrumm/WallFlower/TestImages.htm 由于该数据是286张bmp格式的图片,所以用的前200张图片来作为GMM参数训练,后186张作为测试。训练的过程中树枝被很大幅度的摆动,测试过程中有行人走动,该行人是需要迁就检测的部分。

  Opencv自带的gmm算法1的实验结果如下:

  

  

  

  其工程代码如下:

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  1 // gmm_wavetrees.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。  2 //  3   4 #include "stdafx.h"  5   6 #include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"  7 #include "opencv2/video/background_segm.hpp"  8 #include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"  9 #include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp" 10 #include <stdio.h> 11  12 using namespace std; 13 using namespace cv; 14  15 //this is a sample for foreground detection functions 16 string src_img_name="WavingTrees/b00"; 17 const char *src_img_name1; 18 Mat img, fgmask, fgimg; 19 int i=-1; 20 char chari[500]; 21 bool update_bg_model = true; 22 bool pause=false; 23  24 //第一种gmm,用的是KaewTraKulPong, P. and R. Bowden (2001). 25 //An improved adaptive background mixture model for real-time tracking with shadow detection. 26 BackgroundSubtractorMOG bg_model; 27  28 void refineSegments(const Mat& img, Mat& mask, Mat& dst) 29 { 30     int niters = 3; 31  32     vector<vector<Point> > contours; 33     vector<Vec4i> hierarchy; 34  35     Mat temp; 36  37     dilate(mask, temp, Mat(), Point(-1,-1), niters);//膨胀,3*3的element,迭代次数为niters 38     erode(temp, temp, Mat(), Point(-1,-1), niters*2);//腐蚀 39     dilate(temp, temp, Mat(), Point(-1,-1), niters); 40  41     findContours( temp, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE );//找轮廓 42  43     dst = Mat::zeros(img.size(), CV_8UC3); 44  45     if( contours.size() == 0 ) 46         return; 47  48     // iterate through all the top-level contours, 49     // draw each connected component with its own random color 50     int idx = 0, largestComp = 0; 51     double maxArea = 0; 52  53     for( ; idx >= 0; idx = hierarchy[idx][0] )//这句没怎么看懂 54     { 55         const vector<Point>& c = contours[idx]; 56         double area = fabs(contourArea(Mat(c))); 57         if( area > maxArea ) 58         { 59             maxArea = area; 60             largestComp = idx;//找出包含面积最大的轮廓 61         } 62     } 63     Scalar color( 0, 255, 0 ); 64     drawContours( dst, contours, largestComp, color, CV_FILLED, 8, hierarchy ); 65 } 66  67 int main(int argc, const char** argv) 68 { 69     bg_model.noiseSigma = 10; 70     img=imread("WavingTrees/b00000.bmp"); 71     if(img.empty()) 72     { 73         namedWindow("image",1);//不能更改窗口 74         namedWindow("foreground image",1); 75         namedWindow("mean background image", 1); 76     } 77     for(;;) 78     { 79         if(!pause) 80         { 81         i++; 82         itoa(i,chari,10); 83         if(i<10) 84         { 85             src_img_name+="00"; 86         } 87         else if(i<100) 88         { 89             src_img_name+="0"; 90         } 91         else if(i>285) 92         { 93             i=-1; 94         } 95         if(i>=230) 96             update_bg_model=false; 97         else update_bg_model=true; 98  99         src_img_name+=chari;100         src_img_name+=".bmp";101     102         img=imread(src_img_name);103         if( img.empty() )104             break;105     106         //update the model107         bg_model(img, fgmask, update_bg_model ? 0.005 : 0);//计算前景mask图像,其中输出fgmask为8-bit二进制图像,第3个参数为学习速率108         refineSegments(img, fgmask, fgimg);109 110         imshow("image", img);111         imshow("foreground image", fgimg);112 113         src_img_name="WavingTrees/b00";114 115         }116         char k = (char)waitKey(80);117         if( k == 27 ) break;118 119         if( k == ' ' )120         {121             pause=!pause;122         }        123     }124 125     return 0;126 }
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  Opencv自带的gmm算法2的实验结果如下:

  

  

  

 

  其工程代码如下:

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  1 // gmm2_wavetrees.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。  2 //  3   4 #include "stdafx.h"  5   6 #include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"  7 #include "opencv2/video/background_segm.hpp"  8 #include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"  9 #include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp" 10 #include <stdio.h> 11  12 using namespace std; 13 using namespace cv; 14  15 //this is a sample for foreground detection functions 16 string src_img_name="WavingTrees/b00"; 17 const char *src_img_name1; 18 Mat img, fgmask, fgimg; 19 int i=-1; 20 char chari[500]; 21 bool update_bg_model = true; 22 bool pause=false; 23  24 //第一种gmm,用的是KaewTraKulPong, P. and R. Bowden (2001). 25 //An improved adaptive background mixture model for real-time tracking with shadow detection. 26 BackgroundSubtractorMOG2 bg_model; 27  28 void refineSegments(const Mat& img, Mat& mask, Mat& dst) 29 { 30     int niters = 3; 31  32     vector<vector<Point> > contours; 33     vector<Vec4i> hierarchy; 34  35     Mat temp; 36  37     dilate(mask, temp, Mat(), Point(-1,-1), niters); 38     erode(temp, temp, Mat(), Point(-1,-1), niters*2); 39     dilate(temp, temp, Mat(), Point(-1,-1), niters); 40  41     findContours( temp, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE ); 42  43     dst = Mat::zeros(img.size(), CV_8UC3); 44  45     if( contours.size() == 0 ) 46         return; 47  48     // iterate through all the top-level contours, 49     // draw each connected component with its own random color 50     int idx = 0, largestComp = 0; 51     double maxArea = 0; 52  53     for( ; idx >= 0; idx = hierarchy[idx][0] ) 54     { 55         const vector<Point>& c = contours[idx]; 56         double area = fabs(contourArea(Mat(c))); 57         if( area > maxArea ) 58         { 59             maxArea = area; 60             largestComp = idx; 61         } 62     } 63     Scalar color( 255, 0, 0 ); 64     drawContours( dst, contours, largestComp, color, CV_FILLED, 8, hierarchy ); 65 } 66  67 int main(int argc, const char** argv) 68 { 69     img=imread("WvingTrees/b00000.bmp"); 70     if(img.empty()) 71     { 72         namedWindow("image",1);//不能更改窗口 73         //cvNamedWindow("image",0); 74         namedWindow("foreground image",1); 75     //    namedWindow("mean background image", 1); 76     } 77     for(;;) 78     { 79         if(!pause) 80         { 81             i++; 82             itoa(i,chari,10); 83             if(i<10) 84             { 85                 src_img_name+="00"; 86             } 87             else if(i<100) 88             { 89                 src_img_name+="0"; 90             } 91             else if(i>285) 92             { 93                 i=-1; 94             } 95         //    if(i>=230) 96         //        update_bg_model=false; 97         //    else update_bg_model=true; 98  99             src_img_name+=chari;100             src_img_name+=".bmp";101 102             img=imread(src_img_name);103             if( img.empty() )104                 break;105 106             //update the model107             bg_model(img, fgmask, update_bg_model ? 0.005 : 0);//计算前景mask图像,其中输出fgmask为8-bit二进制图像,第3个参数为学习速率108             refineSegments(img, fgmask, fgimg);109 110             imshow("foreground image", fgimg);111             imshow("image", img);112         113             src_img_name="WavingTrees/b00";114 115         }116         char k = (char)waitKey(100);117         if( k == 27 ) break;118 119         if( k == ' ' )120         {121             pause=!pause;122         }123     }124 125     return 0;126 }
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  可以看出gmm1效果比gmm2的好,但是研究发现,gmm2是在gmm1上改进的,不会越该越差吧,除非2个函数的使用方法不同(虽然函数形式一样),也就是说相同的参数值对函数功能的影响不同。以后有时间在研究了。

 

 

 

 

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