Linux学习篇之~unit9

unit9 openssh-server

1.openssh-server

功能：让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务，开始一个安全shell

2.客户端连接方式
ssh    远程主机用户@远程主机ip
>[root@desktop0 ~]# ssh root@172.25.0.11
The authenticity of host '172.25.0.11 (172.25.0.11)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes    ##连接陌生主机时需要建立认证关系
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.0.11' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
>root@172.25.0.11's password:                 ##远程用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:13:47 2016
>[root@server0 ~]#                                  ##登陆成功

>ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip -X                             ##调用远程主机图形工具

>ssh     远程主机用户@远程主机ip        command        ##直接在远程主机运行某条命令

3.sshkey加密

1)生成公钥私钥
>[root@server0 ~]# ssh-keygen                                                ##生成公钥私钥工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):[enter]     ##加密字符保存文件（建议用默认）
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):         [enter]         ##密钥密码，必须>4个字符
Enter same passphrase again:                 [enter]                       ##确认密码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:                        
ab:3c:73:2e:c8:0b:75:c8:39:3a:46:a2:22:34:84:81 [e-mail]
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|o                |
|E.               |
|..               |
|.  . o           |
|.o. * . S        |
|oo.o o   .       |
|+ =. .  .        |
|o. oo.+..        |
|    ..o*.        |
+-----------------+
>[root@server0 ~]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub
id_rsa                  ##私钥，就是钥匙

id_rsa.pub           ##公钥，就是锁

2)添加key认证方式
>[root@server0 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  root@server的ip
ssh-copy-id                    ##添加key认证方式的工具
-i                                   ##指定加密key文件
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub        ##加密key
root                                ##加密用户为root

172.25.254.244               ##被加密主机ip(服务端ip)

3)分发钥匙给client主机

>命令行输入 scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@172.25.0.10:/root/.ssh/

4)测试
>[root@desktop0 ~]# ssh root@172.25.0.11        ##通过id_rsa直接连接不需要输入用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:58:10 2016 from 172.25.0.250

>[root@server0 ~]#

4.提升openssh的安全级别
1.openssh-server配置文件
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no          ##是否开启用户密码认证，yes为支持no为关闭
48 PermitRootLogin yes|no                    ##是否允许超级用户登陆
49 AllowUsers student westos                ##用户白名单，只有在名单中出现的用户可以使用sshd建立shell

50 DenyUsers westos                             ##用户黑名单

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