过去完成时&过去将来时

过去完成时

　　过去完成时

　　1） 概念：表示过去的过去

　　过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！

　　其构成是主语+had +过去分词。

　　那时以前 那时 现在

　　2） 用法

　　a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

　　She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

　　b. 状语从句

　　在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

　　When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

　　c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本……，未能……"

　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

　　3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

　　He said that he had learned some English before.

　　By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.

　　Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

　　典型例题

　　The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

　　A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

　　答案:D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此

　　前一句应用过去进行时。

　　注意： had no ……when 还没等…… 就……

　　had no soone……than 刚…… 就……

　　He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

　　过去完成时的用法（1）

　　表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用。

　　We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.

　　到上个月底为止我已经学了五千个单词。

　　I had finished the composition before supper.

　　晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了。

　　过去完成时的用法（2）

　　表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。

　　When I woke up it had already stopped raining.

　　我醒来的时候雨就已经停了。

　　I hadn't learned any English before I came here.

　　我来这儿之前没学过英语。

　　常用于引导这类状语从句的连词有：when当……的时候，as soon as一…就，

　　before在……之前，after在……之后，until直到，等。

　　过去完成时的用法（3）

　　用于宾语从句或间接引语中

　　I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.

　　我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去。

　　He told me that he had passed the exam.

　　他告诉我他已通过考试。

　　过去完成时的用法（4）

　　某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事。

　　I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away.

　　昨晚我本打算来看你，但有人来找，脱不开身。

　　We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.

　　我们本希望搭早班车，却发现车已开了。

　　这类动词有：intend打算，hope希望，plan计划，mean预定，want想要，

　　think想要，等。

　　过去完成时的用法（5）

　　用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中

　　If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.

　　如果你昨天来的话，你就已经见到他的面了。

　　She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.

　　要不是这么忙的话，她就已经来了。

　　It was given by him! But I didn't want to accept!

　　This kind of idea had never been thought about before yesterday!

　　She will have been left by you at this time of tomorrow.

　　The bycicle is being repaired by you!!!

　　第一个是一般过去时的被动语态。（一般现在时和一般将来时与其类似，只是be动词的区别罢了【即was/were与will be与is/are的区别）

　　第二个是过去完成时的被动语态。（现在完成时与其类似）

　　第三个是将来完成时的被动语态。

　　第四个是现在进行时的被动语态。但是，一般来说，这种情况在英语表达中是非常之少的。

 

一般过去将来时

　　过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。

　　1过去将来时的构成（句型如下：）

　　肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.

　　否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.

　　疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？

　　肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.

　　否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.

　　疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？

　　过去将来时的构成

　　和一般将来时一样，只不过把助动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。

　　例句：I didn''t know if he would come.

　　=I didn''t know if he was going to come.

　　我不知道他是否会来。

　　She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.

　　她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。

　　She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.

　　她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。

　　I didn''t know how to do it. What would be their ideas？

　　我不知如何去做，他们会有什么想法呢？

　　2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。

　　This door wouldn''t open.

　　这扇门老是打不开。

　　Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.

　　他一有时间，总是看书。

　　I would play with him when was a child.

　　当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。