linux运维-ssh服务

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unit9. openssh-server

####1.openssh-server####

功能：让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务，开始一个安全shell

####2.客户端连接方式####
ssh   远程主机用户@远程主机ip
[root@desktop0 ~]# ssh root@172.25.0.11
The authenticity of host '172.25.0.11 (172.25.0.11)' can't beestablished.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes ##连接陌生主机时需要建立认证关系
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.0.11' (ECDSA) to the list of knownhosts.
root@172.25.0.11's password:           ##远程用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct 3 03:13:472016
[root@server0 ~]#              ##登陆成功

ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip -X ##调用远程主机图形工具
ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip command ##直接在远程主机运行某条命令

####3.sshkey加密####
1.生成公钥私钥
[root@server0 ~]# ssh-keygen      ##生成公钥私钥工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):[enter] ##加密字符保存文件（建议用默认）
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):     [enter]    ##密钥密码，必须>4个字符
Enter same passphrase again:           [enter]    ##确认密码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
ab:3c:73:2e:c8:0b:75:c8:39:3a:46:a2:22:34:84:81 root@server0.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|o                |
|E.               |
|..               |
|. . o           |
|.o. * . S        |
|oo.o o   .       |
|+ =. . .        |
|o. oo.+..        |
|    ..o*.        |
+-----------------+
[root@server0 ~]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
id_rsa     ##私钥，就是钥匙
id_rsa.pub ##公钥，就是锁

2.添加key认证方式
[root@server0 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.25.0.11
ssh-copy-id   ##添加key认证方式的工具
-i      ##指定加密key文件
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ##加密key
root       ##加密用户为root
172.25.0.11   ##被加密主机ip

3.分发钥匙给client主机
[root@server0 ~]# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@172.25.0.10:/root/.ssh/

####4.提升openssh的安全级别####
1.openssh-server配置文件
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no    ##是否开启用户密码认证，yes为支持no为关闭
48 PermitRootLogin yes|no      ##是否允许超级用户登陆
49 AllowUsers student westos        ##用户白名单，只有在名单中出现的用户可以使用sshd建立shell
50 DenyUsers westos         ##用户黑名单

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