RabbitMQ学习之延时队列
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在实际的业务中我们会遇见生产者产生的消息,不立即消费,而是延时一段时间在消费。RabbitMQ本身没有直接支持延迟队列功能,但是我们可以根据其特性Per-Queue Message TTL和 Dead Letter Exchanges实现延时队列。也可以通过改特性设置消息的优先级。
1.Per-Queue Message TTL
RabbitMQ可以针对消息和队列设置TTL(过期时间)。队列中的消息过期时间(Time To Live, TTL)有两种方法可以设置。第一种方法是通过队列属性设置,队列中所有消息都有相同的过期时间。第二种方法是对消息进行单独设置,每条消息TTL可以不同。如果上述两种方法同时使用,则消息的过期时间以两者之间TTL较小的那个数值为准。消息在队列的生存时间一旦超过设置的TTL值,就成为dead message,消费者将无法再收到该消息。
2.Dead Letter Exchanges
当消息在一个队列中变成死信后,它能被重新publish到另一个Exchange。消息变成Dead Letter一向有以下几种情况:
消息被拒绝(basic.reject or basic.nack)并且requeue=false
消息TTL过期
队列达到最大长度
实际上就是设置某个队列的属性,当这个队列中有Dead Letter时,RabbitMQ就会自动的将这个消息重新发布到设置的Exchange中去,进而被路由到另一个队列,publish可以监听这个队列中消息做相应的处理,这个特性可以弥补RabbitMQ 3.0.0以前支持的immediate参数中的向publish确认的功能。
一、在队列上设置TTL
1.建立delay.exchange
这里Internal设置为NO,否则将无法接受dead letter,YES表示这个exchange不可以被client用来推送消息,仅用来进行exchange和exchange之间的绑定。
2.建立延时队列(delay queue)
如上配置延时5min队列(x-message-ttl=300000)
x-max-length:最大积压的消息个数,可以根据自己的实际情况设置,超过限制消息不会丢失,会立即转向delay.exchange进行投递
x-dead-letter-exchange:设置为刚刚配置好的delay.exchange,消息过期后会通过delay.exchange进行投递
这里不需要配置”dead letter routing key”否则会覆盖掉消息发送时携带的routingkey,导致后面无法路由为刚才配置的delay.exchange
3.配置延时路由规则
需要延时的消息到exchange后先路由到指定的延时队列
1)创建delaysync.exchange通过Routing key将消息路由到延时队列
2.配置delay.exchange 将消息投递到正常的消费队列
配置完成。
下面使用代码测试一下:
生产者:
- package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.queue;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
- public class Producer {
- private static String queue_name = “test.queue”;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
- factory.setHost(”10.1.199.169”);
- factory.setUsername(”admin”);
- factory.setPassword(”123456”);
- Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
- Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
- // 声明队列
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
- String message = ”hello world!” + System.currentTimeMillis();
- channel.basicPublish(”delaysync.exchange”, “deal.message”, null, message.getBytes());
- System.out.println(”sent message: ” + message + “,date:” + System.currentTimeMillis());
- // 关闭频道和连接
- channel.close();
- connection.close();
- }
- }
package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.queue;import java.io.IOException;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;public class Producer { private static String queue_name = "test.queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("10.1.199.169"); factory.setUsername("admin"); factory.setPassword("123456"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null); String message = "hello world!" + System.currentTimeMillis(); channel.basicPublish("delaysync.exchange", "deal.message", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("sent message: " + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); // 关闭频道和连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); }}消费者:
- package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.queue;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
- public class Consumer {
- private static String queue_name = “test.queue”;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
- factory.setHost(”10.1.199.169”);
- factory.setUsername(”admin”);
- factory.setPassword(”123456”);
- Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
- Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
- // 声明队列
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
- QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
- // 指定消费队列
- channel.basicConsume(queue_name, true, consumer);
- while (true) {
- // nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法(内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法)
- QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
- String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
- System.out.println(”received message:” + message + “,date:” + System.currentTimeMillis());
- }
- }
- }
package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.queue;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;public class Consumer { private static String queue_name = "test.queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("10.1.199.169"); factory.setUsername("admin"); factory.setPassword("123456"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null); QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 指定消费队列 channel.basicConsume(queue_name, true, consumer); while (true) { // nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法(内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法) QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("received message:" + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); } }}二、在消息上设置TTL
实现代码:
生产者:
- package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.message;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
- public class Producer {
- private static String queue_name = “message_ttl_queue”;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
- factory.setHost(”10.1.199.169”);
- factory.setUsername(”admin”);
- factory.setPassword(”123456”);
- Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
- Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
- HashMap<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- arguments.put(”x-dead-letter-exchange”, “amq.direct”);
- arguments.put(”x-dead-letter-routing-key”, “message_ttl_routingKey”);
- channel.queueDeclare(”delay_queue”, true, false, false, arguments);
- // 声明队列
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
- // 绑定路由
- channel.queueBind(queue_name, ”amq.direct”, “message_ttl_routingKey”);
- String message = ”hello world!” + System.currentTimeMillis();
- // 设置延时属性
- AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder builder = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder();
- // 持久性 non-persistent (1) or persistent (2)
- AMQP.BasicProperties properties = builder.expiration(”300000”).deliveryMode(2).build();
- // routingKey =delay_queue 进行转发
- channel.basicPublish(”“, “delay_queue”, properties, message.getBytes());
- System.out.println(”sent message: ” + message + “,date:” + System.currentTimeMillis());
- // 关闭频道和连接
- channel.close();
- connection.close();
- }
- }
package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.message;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.HashMap;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;public class Producer { private static String queue_name = "message_ttl_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("10.1.199.169"); factory.setUsername("admin"); factory.setPassword("123456"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); HashMap<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>(); arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "amq.direct"); arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "message_ttl_routingKey"); channel.queueDeclare("delay_queue", true, false, false, arguments); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null); // 绑定路由 channel.queueBind(queue_name, "amq.direct", "message_ttl_routingKey"); String message = "hello world!" + System.currentTimeMillis(); // 设置延时属性 AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder builder = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder(); // 持久性 non-persistent (1) or persistent (2) AMQP.BasicProperties properties = builder.expiration("300000").deliveryMode(2).build(); // routingKey =delay_queue 进行转发 channel.basicPublish("", "delay_queue", properties, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("sent message: " + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); // 关闭频道和连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); }}消费者:
- package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.message;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
- public class Consumer {
- private static String queue_name = “message_ttl_queue”;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
- factory.setHost(”10.1.199.169”);
- factory.setUsername(”admin”);
- factory.setPassword(”123456”);
- Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
- Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
- HashMap<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- arguments.put(”x-dead-letter-exchange”, “amq.direct”);
- arguments.put(”x-dead-letter-routing-key”, “message_ttl_routingKey”);
- channel.queueDeclare(”delay_queue”, true, false, false, arguments);
- // 声明队列
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null);
- // 绑定路由
- channel.queueBind(queue_name, ”amq.direct”, “message_ttl_routingKey”);
- QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
- // 指定消费队列
- channel.basicConsume(queue_name, true, consumer);
- while (true) {
- // nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法(内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法)
- QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
- String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
- System.out.println(”received message:” + message + “,date:” + System.currentTimeMillis());
- }
- }
- }
package cn.slimsmart.study.rabbitmq.delayqueue.message;import java.util.HashMap;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;public class Consumer { private static String queue_name = "message_ttl_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("10.1.199.169"); factory.setUsername("admin"); factory.setPassword("123456"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); HashMap<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>(); arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "amq.direct"); arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "message_ttl_routingKey"); channel.queueDeclare("delay_queue", true, false, false, arguments); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(queue_name, true, false, false, null); // 绑定路由 channel.queueBind(queue_name, "amq.direct", "message_ttl_routingKey"); QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 指定消费队列 channel.basicConsume(queue_name, true, consumer); while (true) { // nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法(内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法) QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("received message:" + message + ",date:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); } }}
查看资料:
http://www.rabbitmq.com/ttl.html
http://www.rabbitmq.com/dlx.html
http://www.rabbitmq.com/maxlength.html
https://www.cloudamqp.com/docs/delayed-messages.html
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