django 官网实例 project:mysite, app:polls
来源:互联网 发布:淘宝什么东西最好卖 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/05 16:10
环境: win7 + python2.7.13 + django-1.11
1、django-admin startproject mysite 创建工程
2、cd mysite
3、python manage.py runserver 判断django是否正确启动
4、python manage.py startapp polls 创建应用
5、notepad polls/views.py 创建目录视图index
from django.http import HttpResponsedef index(request): return HttpResponse('Hello World! This is your first view, Please enjoy it')6、notepad mysite/settings.py 在INSTALLED_APPS添加'polls', 不要忘记逗号
7、notepad mysite/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, includefrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),]
8、notepad polls/urls.py 创建并管理app的路由from django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),]
9、python manage.py runserver 并访问127.0.0.1:8000/polls/ 查看结果
10 、notepad polls/model.py 为app添加定义模型
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from __future__ import unicode_literalsimport datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom django.utils import timezone# Create your models here.class Question(models.Model):question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) # 话题内容pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') # 话题时间def was_published_recently(self):return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)def __unicode__(self): # python manage.py shellreturn self.question_textclass Choice(models.Model):question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 话题choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) # 选择项votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) # 投票数def __unicode__(self):return self.choice_text11、python manage.py makemigrations # 查看工程中模型变动情况,是否新增模型或模型新增属性等 ,需要注意的是,数据库数据未改变
python manage.py sqlmigrations # 使用类sql语句表达数据库的变动情况,需要注意的是,数据库数据未改变
python manage.py migrate # 将上述模型改变引起的数据库异动,提交给数据库,需要注意的是,数据库数据已经改变
python manage.py createsuperuser # 创建超级用户,查看后台程序
python manage.py runserver 并访问 127.0.0.1:8000/admin,查看后台情况。由于此时应用虽被安装,但是应用模型并未注册,故无法看到应用情况
12、notepad polls/admin.py # 注册应用模型
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom django.contrib import adminfrom .models import Question, Choice# Register your models here.admin.site.register(Question) # 注册Questionadmin.site.register(Choice) # 注册Choice
13、python manage.py shell # 进入django shell,插入编辑应用模型
import django
django.setup() # 启动django
from poll.models import Question, Choice
from django.utils import timezone
Question.objects,all()
q = Question(question_text='How old are you?', pub_date=timezont.now())
q.id q.question_text q.pub_date # 查询数据
q.save() # 保存数据,持久化到数据库
14、notepad polls/views.py # 为应用模型添加其余视图函数
def detail(request, question_id): return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)def results(request, question_id): response = "You're looking at the results of question %s." return HttpResponse(response % question_id)def vote(request, question_id): return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)15、notepad polls/urls.py # 为应用模型完善视图路由
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'), # url函数,regex:正则表达式,view:视图函数, kwargs:额外参数(可选), name:路由名称(可选 url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'), url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),16、 python manage.py runserver 测试应用视图
17、修改模型视图函数,渲染html
from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.urls import reverse
from django.template import loader
from .models import Question
def index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] # Question查询倒叙并曲前5个 template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html') context = { 'latest_question_list': latest_question_list, # 渲染列表 } return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))
def detail(request, question_id):try:question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)except Question.DoesNotExist:raise Http404("Question does not exist")return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question}) # 比较render和HttpResponse
def results(request, question_id):question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id) # 比较get_object_or_404 和 details函数中的try、exceptreturn render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})
def vote(request, question_id):question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)try:selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question,'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",})else:selected_choice.votes += 1selected_choice.save() # 数据保存,持久化return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,))) # 重定向
17、为应用添加html前端页面
notepad polls/templates/polls/index.html
{% if latest_question_list %} <ul> {% for question in latest_question_list %} <li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul>{% else %} <p>No polls are available.</p>{% endif %}notepad polls/templates/polls/detail.html
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}<input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}"/><label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br/>{% endfor %}<input type="submit" value="Vote" /></form>notepad polls/templates/polls/results.html
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1><ul>{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %} <li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>{% endfor %}</ul><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">Vote again?</a>18、python manage.py runserver 查看测试情况
19、使用django模型的通用视图ListView、DetailView,简化代码
notepad polls/views.py
class IndexView(generic.ListView):template_name = 'polls/index.html' # 模版名称context_object_name = 'latest_question_list' # html中待渲染的变量def get_queryset(self):return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]class DetailView(generic.DetailView):model = Questiontemplate_name = 'polls/detail.html'class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):model = Questiontemplate_name = 'polls/results.html'
20、修改应用路由
notepad polls/urls.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsapp_name = 'polls' # app命名空间,html可直接使用 url 'polls:index' 访问inde视图,对于detail、results、vote同理urlpatterns = [url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),]
21、python manage.py runserver 测试
- django 官网实例 project:mysite, app:polls
- Python_在mysite目录中创建django 应用polls
- Django-part6-app's style-polls/static/polls/sytle.css
- Django初探--mysite
- Django初探--mysite(2)
- [The Django Book 2.0][第二章:入门]django-admin.py startproject mysite不能建立project的解决方法
- Django中的mysite.books问题
- 初探Django-mysite(4)
- 初探Django-mysite(5)
- Django创建Project和创建App
- Django中的Project和App的区别
- Django:project与app的概念区别
- python+Django django-admin.py startproject mysite不生效
- django-admin.py startproject mysite命令失效的解决方法
- 在Win7下安装Django并创建mysite
- [Django]跟着文档学Django-part4报错'polls' is not a registered namespace
- django在project下的app目录下添加模板文件夹templates注意事项
- Django中project下的url引入(include)app下的url
- Java中对话框的弹出
- java的坑
- 分布式事务最终一致性常用方案
- C++中的 Round(),floor(),ceil()
- React Native 的图片点击放大效果的组件使用 react-native-zoom-image
- django 官网实例 project:mysite, app:polls
- Spring MVC 三大组件
- 使用<a>标签提交表单数据的问题以及获取session作为函数的参数调用的问题
- Git安装与原理
- 整合spring4.1.7和dorado5
- shell中各种括号的作用()、(())、[]、[[]]、{}
- ubuntu14.04 安装Java8 (JDK8)
- JAVA中枚举的使用
- 检测自己的浏览器是否支持WebGL