【Linux】分区与格式化

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Linux分区主要是使用fdisk，格式化使用mkfs。

查看所有磁盘和分区： fdisk -l

操作某个磁盘

进入某个磁盘操作模式： fdisk /dev/sdb

输入m会出现命令类表，简洁而强大

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibilityflag

d delete a partition

l list known partitiontypes

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOSpartition table

p print the partition table

q quit without savingchanges

s create a new empty Sundisklabel

t change a partition's systemid

u change display/entryunits

v verify the partitiontable

w write table to disk andexit

x extra functionality (expertsonly)

输入p查看当前sd卡的分区(partition)信息

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080bytes

245 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021cylinders, total 15523840 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes /512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 * 2048 1048576 523264+ c W95FAT32 (LBA)

/dev/sdb2 1048577 15523839 7237631+ 83 Linux

其中，需要记住的是他的容量7948206080 bytes之后会用到。

同时也留意他的heads和setcors/track

删除分区

输入d删除(delete)所有sd卡分区。因为有2个分区，需要删除2次

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 2

建立扇区

如果SD卡不是255 heads, 63sectors/track，按照以下步骤建立扇区

输入x进入扩展命令列表

Command (m for help): x

Expert command (m for help):

输入n显示扩展命令列表

Command action

b move beginning of data in apartition

c change number ofcylinders

d print the raw data in thepartition table

e list extended partitions

f fix partition order

g create an IRIX (SGI)partition table

h change number of heads

i change the diskidentifier

m print this menu

p print the partition table

q quit without savingchanges

r return to main menu

s change number ofsectors/track

v verify the partitiontable

w write table to disk andexit

输入h设置heads = 255

Expert command (m for help): h

Number of heads (1-256, default 245):255

输入s设置sectors/track = 63

Expert command (m for help): s

Number of sectors (1-63, default 62):63

输入c设置cylinder = 966

Expert command (m for help): c

Number of cylinders (1-1048576, default1021): 966

cylinder计算方法

cylinder = SD卡容量(bytes) / heads /sectors / 512(bytes)

cylinder = 7948206080 / 255 /63 / 512 =966.3 = 966

输入r返回(return)普通命令

Expert command (m for help): r

Command (m for help):

输入p再次查看当前sd卡的分区信息。

此时你会看到heads, sectors/track,cylinder都已经更新了

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 966cylinders, total 15523840 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes /512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System

建立分区

输入n新建(new)一个分区

输入p选择新建一个主分区

输入1创建分区1

输入分区1的‘First sector’和‘Last sector’

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):1

First sector (2048-15523839, default2048): 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G}(2048-15523839, default 15523839):

Using default value 15523839

输入t改变分区系统ID，

一般windows的用，则输入分区类型码cFAT32，
而linux的为默认的分区类型码83EXT3

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): c

Changed system type of partition 1 to c(W95 FAT32 (LBA))

输入a激活分区的bootable标志

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 1

输入w将建立完成对分区表写入sd卡，并退出

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has beenaltered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partitiontable.

WARNING: If you have created ormodified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.

Syncing disks.

格式化分区

windows的分区格式化命令(其中LABEL为卷标)

sudo mkfs.msdos -F32 /dev/sdb1 -nLABEl1

linux的分区格式化命令

sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 -L LABEL2

完成

需要注意的是，有时需要在Windows再次格式化第一个引导分区LABEL1才能成功引导Linux。（不要使用快速格式化）

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