553. Optimal Division(Medium)

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原题目:
  Given a list of positive integers, the adjacent integers will perform the float division. For example, [2,3,4] -> 2 / 3 / 4.

  However, you can add any number of parenthesis at any position to change the priority of operations. You should find out how to add parenthesis to get the maximum result, and return the corresponding expression in string format. Your expression should NOT contain redundant parenthesis.

Example:Input: [1000,100,10,2]Output: "1000/(100/10/2)"Explanation:1000/(100/10/2) = 1000/((100/10)/2) = 200However, the bold parenthesis in "1000/((100/10)/2)" are redundant, since they don't influence the operation priority. So you should return "1000/(100/10/2)". Other cases:1000/(100/10)/2 = 501000/(100/(10/2)) = 501000/100/10/2 = 0.51000/100/(10/2) = 2Note:    The length of the input array is [1, 10].    Elements in the given array will be in range [2, 1000].    There is only one optimal division for each test case.

题目大意如下:
  给定一段连续的除法式子,我们需要给它在不同地方加括号,确保能得到最大的结果,最后以string的形式返回结果。

解题思路:
  这道题非常tricky,我们注意到除了第一个除数之外,后面的数都可以转变为乘积!!!
  拿样例来说:
  1000/(100/10/2) == (1000*10*2)/(100)
  所以,我们只需要考虑三种情况:
  1.只有一个数,直接返回;
  2.有两个数,第一个除以第二个返回;
  3.有三个及以上的数,把第二个数后面的和第一个数全部乘起来,最后除以第二个数。(因为note当中说明了,给的数字都是[2,1000]的,所以第二个数后面的所有数乘起来都只会让结果变大)。
 
代码如下:

class Solution {public:    string optimalDivision(vector<int> &nums) {        if (nums.size() == 1) {            return to_string(nums[0]);        }        if (nums.size() == 2) {            return to_string(nums[0]) + "/" + to_string(nums[1]);        }        string ans = to_string(nums[0]) + "/";        string tmp = to_string(nums[1]);        for (int i = 2; i < nums.size(); ++i) {            tmp += "/";            tmp += to_string(nums[i]);        }        ans += "(" + tmp + ")";        return ans;    }};

知识补充:
  关于to_string()这个函数:

string to_string (int val);string to_string (long val);string to_string (long long val);string to_string (unsigned val);string to_string (unsigned long val);string to_string (unsigned long long val);string to_string (float val);string to_string (double val);string to_string (long double val);
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