Poj 2151 Check the difficulty of problems【概率dp+活用补集】
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Check the difficulty of problems
Time Limit: 2000MS Memory Limit: 65536KTotal Submissions: 7466 Accepted: 3204
Description
Organizing a programming contest is not an easy job. To avoid making the problems too difficult, the organizer usually expect the contest result satisfy the following two terms:
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem.
2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems.
Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem.
Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems?
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem.
2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems.
Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem.
Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems?
Input
The input consists of several test cases. The first line of each test case contains three integers M (0 < M <= 30), T (1 < T <= 1000) and N (0 < N <= M). Each of the following T lines contains M floating-point numbers in the range of [0,1]. In these T lines, the j-th number in the i-th line is just Pij. A test case of M = T = N = 0 indicates the end of input, and should not be processed.
Output
For each test case, please output the answer in a separate line. The result should be rounded to three digits after the decimal point.
Sample Input
2 2 20.9 0.91 0.90 0 0
Sample Output
0.972
Source
POJ Monthly,鲁小石
题目大意:
给你M道题,T个队伍,问你每个队伍至少作对一题,并且冠军队伍要至少作对N题的概率。
思路:
1、设定P1=每个队都至少做对一题的概率、设定p2=每个队都只能做对1~N-1道题的概率。那么显然ans=p1-p2;
2、那么我们设定dp【i】【j】【k】表示第i个队伍,做到第j题,做对了k道题的概率。
那么很容易得到状态转移方程:dp【i】【j】【k】=dp【i】【j-1】【k】*(1-a【i】【j】)+dp【i】【j-1】【k-1】*a【i】【j】
那么我们再设定另外一个数组R【i】【j】表示第i个队,做对了j道题的概率,那么有R【i】【j】=dp【i】【T】【j】;
很显然,p1=π(1-R【i】【0】)【1<=i<=T】;
此时我们可以对R【i】【j】维护一个前缀和,表示第i个队,做对1~j道题的概率,那么p2=π(R【i】【n-1】)【1<=i<=T】;
ans=p1-p2;
注意,当N为1的时候,p2=0;
Ac代码:
#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>using namespace std;double dp[1052][65][65];double R[1050][65];double a[1050][65];int main(){ int n,t,maxn; while(~scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&t,&maxn)) { if(n==0&&t==0&&maxn==0)break; for(int i=1;i<=t;i++) { for(int j=1;j<=n;j++) { scanf("%lf",&a[i][j]); } } memset(R,0,sizeof(R)); memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp)); for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)dp[i][0][0]=1; for(int i=1;i<=t;i++) { for(int j=1;j<=n;j++) { for(int k=0;k<=j;k++) { if(k==0) { dp[i][j][k]=dp[i][j-1][0]*(1-a[i][j]); } else dp[i][j][k]=dp[i][j-1][k-1]*a[i][j]+dp[i][j-1][k]*(1-a[i][j]); } } for(int j=0;j<=n;j++) R[i][j]=dp[i][n][j]; } for(int i=1;i<=t;i++) { for(int j=2;j<=n;j++) { R[i][j]=R[i][j]+R[i][j-1]; } } double p1=1; for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)p1*=(1-R[i][0]); double p2=1; for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)p2*=R[i][maxn-1]; if(maxn==1)p2=0; printf("%.3f\n",p1-p2); } return 0;}
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