Scrapy shell调试返回403错误

一、问题描述

有时候用scrapy shell来调试很方便,但是有些网站有防爬虫机制,所以使用scrapy shell会返回403,比如下面

C:\Users\fendo>scrapy shell https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/2017-04-17 15:18:53 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: scrapybot)2017-04-17 15:18:53 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter', 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0}2017-04-17 15:18:53 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats', 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole']2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:[]2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:60242017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/> (referer: None)2017-04-17 15:18:54 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger2017-04-17 15:18:54 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger[s] Available Scrapy objects:[s]   scrapy     scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)[s]   crawler    <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x000001E696FBAD68>[s]   item       {}[s]   request    <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>[s]   response   <403 https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>[s]   settings   <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x000001E6993C7B70>[s]   spider     <DefaultSpider 'default' at 0x1e69964d1d0>[s] Useful shortcuts:[s]   fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)[s]   fetch(req)                  Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects[s]   shelp()           Shell help (print this help)[s]   view(response)    View response in a browserIn [1]:

直接返回403!!

二、解决方法

有两种解决方法:

(1):第一种方法是在命令上加上-s USER_AGENT='Mozilla/5.0'

C:\Users\fendo>scrapy shell -s USER_AGENT='Mozilla/5.0'  https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: scrapybot)2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter', 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0, 'USER_AGENT': "'Mozilla/5.0'"}2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats', 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole']2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:[]2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:60242017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened2017-04-17 15:21:38 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/> (referer: None)2017-04-17 15:21:38 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger2017-04-17 15:21:38 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger[s] Available Scrapy objects:[s]   scrapy     scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)[s]   crawler    <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x000001D2DC68AD68>[s]   item       {}[s]   request    <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>[s]   response   <200 https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>[s]   settings   <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x000001D2DEAB6B38>[s]   spider     <DefaultSpider 'default' at 0x1d2ded3d208>[s] Useful shortcuts:[s]   fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)[s]   fetch(req)                  Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects[s]   shelp()           Shell help (print this help)[s]   view(response)    View response in a browserIn [1]:

第一种方法最简单但是每次操作都要加上去很繁琐,第二种方法比较好。

(2):第二种方法是修改scrapy的user-agent默认值

找到python的:安装目录下的default_settings.py文件,比如我的F:\Software\Python36\Lib\site-packages\scrapy\settings\default_settings.py

把

USER_AGENT = 'Scrapy/%s (+http://scrapy.org)' % import_module('scrapy').__version__

改为

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0'  

使用shell再次，发现已经可以正常访问html不会在出现403错误了。

C:\Users\fendo>scrapy shell  "https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/"2017-04-17 15:34:13 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: scrapybot)2017-04-17 15:34:13 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter', 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0}2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats', 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole']2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:[]2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:60242017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened2017-04-17 15:34:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/> (referer: None)2017-04-17 15:34:15 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger2017-04-17 15:34:15 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger[s] Available Scrapy objects:[s]   scrapy     scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)[s]   crawler    <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x000001476886AD68>[s]   item       {}[s]   request    <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>[s]   response   <200 https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>[s]   settings   <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x000001476AC97B70>[s]   spider     <DefaultSpider 'default' at 0x1476af1d198>[s] Useful shortcuts:[s]   fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)[s]   fetch(req)                  Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects[s]   shelp()           Shell help (print this help)[s]   view(response)    View response in a browserIn [1]: