Android Http和TCP协议编程

网络协议有Http和TCP/IP协议:
http协议:有get和post方法,区别(GET请求是从服务器上获取数据，POST请求是向服务器传送数据后再获取)
httpclient:android 6.0已经除名
httpurlconnection:未来主流

TCP/IP:Socket通信

//HttpUrlConnection操作之get方法:

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                    URL url=new URL("http://.../aile?username=lisi&password=123456");                      HttpURLConnection connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();                      connection.setRequestMethod("GET");                      connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);                      connection.setReadTimeout(5000);                      connection.connect();                      InputStream inputStream=null;                      BufferedReader reader=null;                      if(connection.getResponseCode()==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){                          inputStream=connection.getInputStream();                          reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));                        final String result=reader.readLine();                           runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {                              public void run() {                                  Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                              }                          });                      }                      reader.close();                      inputStream.close();                      connection.disconnect(); 

//HttpUrlConnection操作之post方法:

                    URL url=new URL("http://.../aile");                      HttpURLConnection connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();                      connection.setRequestMethod("POST");                      connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);                      connection.setReadTimeout(5000);                      connection.setDoOutput(true);                      String data="username=lisi&password=123456";                      OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();                      outputStream.write(data.getBytes());                      connection.connect();                      InputStream inputStream=null;                      BufferedReader reader=null;                       if(connection.getResponseCode()==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){                          inputStream=connection.getInputStream();                          reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));                          final String result=reader.readLine();                           runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {                              public void run() {                                  Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                              }                          });                      }                      reader.close();                      inputStream.close();                      connection.disconnect();  

//HttpClient操作(android6.0后被淘汰,请尊重现实,仅参考)：

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public class HttpService {    public static final int METHOD_GET = 1;    public static final int METHOD_POST = 2;     //请求http服务端指定资源，并返回该资源的响应实体对象    public HttpEntity getEntity(String uri, List<NameValuePair> params,            int method) throws ConnectTimeoutException, IOException {        HttpEntity entity = null;        if (uri != null && uri.length() > 0) {            // 创建客户端对象            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();            client.getParams().setParameter(                    CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 3000);            // 创建请求对象            HttpUriRequest request = null;            switch (method) {            case METHOD_GET:                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(uri);                // 如果请求参数集合不为空，则拼接uri                if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {                    sb.append('?');                    for (NameValuePair pair : params) {                        sb.append(pair.getName()).append('=').append(                                pair.getValue()).append('&');                    }                    sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);                }                // 创建请求对象                request = new HttpGet(sb.toString());                break;            case METHOD_POST:                request = new HttpPost(uri);                // 如果请求参数集合不为空，则设置请求实体                if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {                    UrlEncodedFormEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(                            params);                    ((HttpPost) request).setEntity(reqEntity);                }                break;            }            // 执行请求，获得响应对象            HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);            // 判断状态码，如果请求成功，则获取实体输入流            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                entity = response.getEntity();            }        }        return entity;    }     //获取实体对象的长度    public long getLength(HttpEntity entity) {        if (entity != null)            return entity.getContentLength();        return 0;    }     //解析实体对象，返回包含内容的字节数组    public byte[] getBytes(HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {        if (entity != null)            return EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);        return null;    }    //将实体对象内容解析为字符串返回    public String getString(HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {        if (entity != null)            return EntityUtils.toString(entity);        return null;    }    public InputStream getStream(HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {        if (entity != null)            return entity.getContent();        return null;    }}

基于tcp的协议的socket编程范例:(客户端和服务器端socket基础通讯)

客户android端:
1:activity:界面

public class MainActivity extends Activity {    Socket socket = null;    String buffer = "";    TextView txt1;    Button send;    EditText ed1;    String geted1;    public Handler myHandler = new Handler() {        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {            if (msg.what == 0x11) {                Bundle bundle = msg.getData();                txt1.append("server:" + bundle.getString("msg") + "\n");            }        }    };    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        txt1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt1);        send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);        ed1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.ed1);        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                geted1 = ed1.getText().toString();                txt1.append("client:" + geted1 + "\n");                //启动线程 向服务器发送和接收信息                new MyThread(geted1).start();                ed1.getText().clear();            }        });    }    class MyThread extends Thread {        public String txt1;        public MyThread(String str) {            txt1 = str;        }        @Override        public void run() {            //定义消息            Message msg = new Message();            msg.what = 0x11;            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();            bundle.clear();            try {                //连接服务器 并设置连接超时为5秒                socket = new Socket();                socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.0.102", 30000), 5000);                //向服务器发送信息                OutputStream ou = socket.getOutputStream();                ou.write(("android client:" + txt1).getBytes("gbk"));                ou.flush();                BufferedReader bff = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(                        socket.getInputStream()));                //读取发来服务器信息                String line = null;                buffer = "";                while ((line = bff.readLine()) != null) {                    buffer = line + buffer;                }                bundle.putString("msg", buffer.toString());                msg.setData(bundle);                myHandler.sendMessage(msg);                bff.close();                ou.close();                socket.close();            } catch (SocketTimeoutException aa) {                //连接超时 在UI界面显示消息                bundle.putString("msg", "服务器连接失败！请检查网络是否打开");                msg.setData(bundle);                //发送消息 修改UI线程中的组件                myHandler.sendMessage(msg);            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }}

2:manifext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    package="com.aile.client">    <uses-permission        android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>    <application        android:allowBackup="true"        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"        android:label="@string/app_name"        android:supportsRtl="true"        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>    </application></manifest>

3:layout布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:id="@+id/activity_main"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    tools:context="com.aile.client.MainActivity">    <EditText        android:id="@+id/ed1"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:hint="给服务器发送信息"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/send"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_below="@id/ed1"        android:text="发送"/>    <TextView        android:id="@+id/txt1"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_below="@id/send"/></RelativeLayout>

服务器端:新建类

public class AndroidService {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        ServerSocket serivce = new ServerSocket(30000);        while (true) {            //等待客户端连接            Socket socket = serivce.accept();            new Thread(new AndroidRunable(socket)).start();        }    }    public static class AndroidRunable implements Runnable {        Socket socket = null;        public AndroidRunable(Socket socket) {            this.socket = socket;        }        @Override        public void run() {            // 向android客户端输出hello worild            String line = null;            InputStream input;            OutputStream output;            String str = "你好!";            try {                //向客户端发送信息                output = socket.getOutputStream();                input = socket.getInputStream();                BufferedReader bff = new BufferedReader(                        new InputStreamReader(input));                output.write(str.getBytes("gbk"));                output.flush();                //半关闭socket                socket.shutdownOutput();                //获取客户端的信息                while ((line = bff.readLine()) != null) {                    System.out.print(line);                }                //关闭输入输出流                output.close();                bff.close();                input.close();                socket.close();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }}

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