Hibernate(7)关系映射和Cascade级联操作

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1 关联关系映射

  • 多对一(Employee-Department)
  • 一对多(Department-Employee)
  • 一对一(Person-IdCard)
  • 多对多(teacher-student)
  • cascade(Employee-Department)

2 多对一(Employee-Department)

**domain文件:**Studcourse.java

public class Studcourse {    private BigDecimal stucourseid;    private Student student;    private Course course;    private BigDecimal grade;}

**配置文件:**Studcourse.hbm.xml

<many-to-one name="student" class="com.test.domain.Student" fetch="select">    <column name="SID" precision="22" scale="0" /></many-to-one>

3 一对多(Department-Employee)

**domain文件:**Student.java

public class Student implements java.io.Serializable {    private BigDecimal sid;    private String sname;    private Set studcourses = new HashSet(0);}

**配置文件:**Student.hbm.xml

<set name="studcourses" inverse="true">    <key>        <column name="SID" precision="22" scale="0" />    </key>    <one-to-many class="com.test.domain.Studcourse" /></set>

4 一对一(Person-IdCard)

有两种方式:基于主键的一对一;基于外键的一对一。

①基于主键的一对一

这里写图片描述
**domain文件:**Person.java和IdCard.java

class Person{    private Integer id;    private String name;    private IdCard idCard;}class IdCard {    private Integer id;    private Date validateDte;    private Person person;}

配置文件:
Person.hbm.xml

<one-to-one name="idCard" class="com.test.domain.IdCard"></one-to-one>

IdCard.hbm.xml

<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">    <generator class="foreign">        <param name="property">person</param>    </generator></id><one-to-one name="person" class="com.test.domain.Person" constrained="true"></one-to-one>

②基于外键的一对一

这里写图片描述
**domain文件:**Person.java和IdCard.java

class Person{    private Integer id;    private String name;    private IdCard idCard;}class IdCard {    private Integer id;    private Date validateDte;    private Person person;}

配置文件:
Person.hbm.xml

<one-to-one name="idCard" class="com.test.domain.IdCard"></one-to-one>

IdCard.hbm.xml

<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">    <generator class="assigned" /></id>// one-to-one实际上是many-to-one的一个特例<many-to-one name="person" unique="true" />

5 多对多(teacher-student)

在操作和性能方面都不太理想,所以多对多的映射使用较少,实际使用中最好转换成一对多的对象模型;Hibernate会为我们创建中间关联表,转换成两个一对多。
domain文件:

public class Student implements java.io.Serializable {    private BigDecimal sid;    private String sname;    private Set studcourses = new HashSet(0);}public class Course implements java.io.Serializable {    private BigDecimal cid;    private String cname;    private Short ccredit;    private Set studcourses = new HashSet(0);}public class Studcourse {    private BigDecimal stucourseid;    private Student student;    private Course course;    private BigDecimal grade;}

配置文件:
Student.hbm.xml 和 Course.hbm.xml

<set name="studcourses" inverse="true">    <key>        <column name="S_ID" precision="22" scale="0" />    </key>    <one-to-many class="com.test.domain.Studcourse" /></set>

Studcourse.hbm.xml

<many-to-one name="student" class="com.test.domain.Student" fetch="select">    <column name="S_ID" precision="22" scale="0" /></many-to-one><many-to-one name="course" class="com.test.domain.Course" fetch="select">    <column name="C_ID" precision="22" scale="0" /></many-to-one>

6 cascade(Employee-Department)

  • Cascade用来说明当对主对象进行某种操作(添加、修改、删除……)时(比如删除一个部门时,删除该部门所有员工),是否对其关联的从对象也作类似的操作。
  • 常用的cascade
    none, all, save-update, delete, lock, refresh, evict, replicate, persist, merge, delete-orphan(one-to-many)
  • 一般在many-to-one,many-to-many中不设置级联,在one-to-one, one-to-many中设置级联。
  • 在集合属性和普通属性中都能使用cascade
  • 一般讲,cascade配置在one-to-one(主对象一方), one-to-many(one的一方)
<set name="studcourses" inverse="true" cascade="all">    <key>        <column name="SID" precision="22" scale="0" />    </key>    <one-to-many class="com.test.domain.Studcourse" /></set>
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