ffmpeg实战教程(五)libswscale,libavfilter实践指南

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1.libswscale实现YUV转RGB

libswscale里面实现了各种图像像素格式的转换。

libswscale使用起来很方便,最主要的函数只有3个:
(1) sws_getContext():使用参数初始化SwsContext结构体。
(2) sws_scale():转换一帧图像。
(3) sws_freeContext():释放SwsContext结构体。
其中sws_getContext()也可以用另一个接口函数sws_getCachedContext()取代。

初始化方法

初始化SwsContext除了调用sws_getContext()之外还有另一种方法,更加灵活,可以配置更多的参数。该方法调用的函数如下所示。
(1) sws_alloc_context():为SwsContext结构体分配内存。
(2) av_opt_set_XXX():通过av_opt_set_int(),av_opt_set()…等等一系列方法设置SwsContext结构体的值。在这里需要注意,SwsContext结构体的定义看不到,所以不能对其中的成员变量直接进行赋值,必须通过av_opt_set()这类的API才能对其进行赋值。
(3) sws_init_context():初始化SwsContext结构体。
这种复杂的方法可以配置一些sws_getContext()配置不了的参数。比如说设置图像的YUV像素的取值范围是JPEG标准(Y、U、V取值范围都是0-255)还是MPEG标准(Y取值范围是16-235,U、V的取值范围是16-240)。

通过av_pix_fmt_desc_get()可以获得指定像素格式的AVPixFmtDescriptor结构体。
通过AVPixFmtDescriptor结构体可以获得不同像素格式的一些信息。例如av_get_bits_per_pixel(),通过该函数可以获得指定像素格式每个像素占用的比特数(Bit Per Pixel)。

图像拉伸
SWS_BICUBIC性能比较好;SWS_FAST_BILINEAR在性能和速度之间有一个比好好的平衡。

下面看一下运行效果图:
这里写图片描述
源代码:

#include <stdio.h>#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS#ifdef _WIN32//Windowsextern "C"{#include "libswscale/swscale.h"#include "libavutil/opt.h"#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"};#else//Linux...#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C"{#endif#include <libswscale/swscale.h>#include <libavutil/opt.h>#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>#ifdef __cplusplus};#endif#endifint main(int argc, char* argv[]){    //Parameters        FILE *src_file =fopen("ws.yuv", "rb");    const int src_w=1920,src_h=1080;    AVPixelFormat src_pixfmt=AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;    //该函数可以获得指定像素格式每个像素占用的比特数(Bit Per Pixel),av_pix_fmt_desc_get()可以获得指定像素格式的AVPixFmtDescriptor结构体。    int src_bpp=av_get_bits_per_pixel(av_pix_fmt_desc_get(src_pixfmt));    FILE *dst_file = fopen("ws.rgb", "wb");    const int dst_w=1280,dst_h=720;    AVPixelFormat dst_pixfmt=AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24;    int dst_bpp=av_get_bits_per_pixel(av_pix_fmt_desc_get(dst_pixfmt));//av_pix_fmt_desc_get()可以获得指定像素格式的AVPixFmtDescriptor结构体。    //Structures    uint8_t *src_data[4];    int src_linesize[4];    uint8_t *dst_data[4];    int dst_linesize[4];    int rescale_method=SWS_BICUBIC;    struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;    uint8_t *temp_buffer=(uint8_t *)malloc(src_w*src_h*src_bpp/8);    int frame_idx=0;    int ret=0;    ret= av_image_alloc(src_data, src_linesize,src_w, src_h, src_pixfmt, 1);//分配资源控件    if (ret< 0) {        printf( "Could not allocate source image\n");        return -1;    }    ret = av_image_alloc(dst_data, dst_linesize,dst_w, dst_h, dst_pixfmt, 1);    if (ret< 0) {        printf( "Could not allocate destination image\n");        return -1;    }    //-----------------------------     img_convert_ctx =sws_alloc_context();//为SwsContext结构体分配内存。    //Show AVOption    av_opt_show2(img_convert_ctx,stdout,AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM,0);    //Set Value    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"sws_flags",SWS_BICUBIC|SWS_PRINT_INFO,0);    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"srcw",src_w,0);    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"srch",src_h,0);    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"src_format",src_pixfmt,0);    //'0' for MPEG (Y:0-235);'1' for JPEG (Y:0-255)    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"src_range",1,0);    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dstw",dst_w,0);    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dsth",dst_h,0);    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dst_format",dst_pixfmt,0);    av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dst_range",1,0);    sws_init_context(img_convert_ctx,NULL,NULL);//对SwsContext中的各种变量进行赋值    while(1)    {        if (fread(temp_buffer, 1, src_w*src_h*src_bpp/8, src_file) != src_w*src_h*src_bpp/8){            break;        }        switch(src_pixfmt){        case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8:{            memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);            break;                              }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:{            memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);                    //Y            memcpy(src_data[1],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h,src_w*src_h/4);      //U            memcpy(src_data[2],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h*5/4,src_w*src_h/4);  //V            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P:{            memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);                    //Y            memcpy(src_data[1],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h,src_w*src_h/2);      //U            memcpy(src_data[2],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h*3/2,src_w*src_h/2);  //V            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P:{            memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);                    //Y            memcpy(src_data[1],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h,src_w*src_h);        //U            memcpy(src_data[2],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h*2,src_w*src_h);      //V            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:{            memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h*2);                  //Packed            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:{            memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h*3);                  //Packed            break;                                }        default:{            printf("Not Support Input Pixel Format.\n");            break;                              }        }        sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, src_data, src_linesize, 0, src_h, dst_data, dst_linesize);//转换像素        printf("Finish process frame %5d\n",frame_idx);        frame_idx++;        switch(dst_pixfmt){        case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8:{            fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);             break;                              }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:{            fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);                 //Y            fwrite(dst_data[1],1,dst_w*dst_h/4,dst_file);               //U            fwrite(dst_data[2],1,dst_w*dst_h/4,dst_file);               //V            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P:{            fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);                 //Y            fwrite(dst_data[1],1,dst_w*dst_h/2,dst_file);               //U            fwrite(dst_data[2],1,dst_w*dst_h/2,dst_file);               //V            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P:{            fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);                 //Y            fwrite(dst_data[1],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);                 //U            fwrite(dst_data[2],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);                 //V            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:{            fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h*2,dst_file);               //Packed            break;                                }        case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:{            fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h*3,dst_file);               //Packed            break;                              }        default:{            printf("Not Support Output Pixel Format.\n");            break;                            }        }    }    sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);    free(temp_buffer);    fclose(dst_file);    av_freep(&src_data[0]);    av_freep(&dst_data[0]);    return 0;}

2.使用libavfilter为视音频添加特效功能

关键函数如下所示:

avfilter_register_all():注册所有AVFilter。avfilter_graph_alloc():为FilterGraph分配内存。avfilter_graph_create_filter():创建并向FilterGraph中添加一个Filter。avfilter_graph_parse_ptr():将一串通过字符串描述的Graph添加到FilterGraph中。avfilter_graph_config():检查FilterGraph的配置。av_buffersrc_add_frame():向FilterGraph中加入一个AVFrame。av_buffersink_get_frame():从FilterGraph中取出一个AVFrame。

程序中提供了几种特效:

//const char *filter_descr = "lutyuv='u=128:v=128'";    //const char *filter_descr = "boxblur";    //const char *filter_descr = "hflip";    //const char *filter_descr = "hue='h=60:s=-3'";    //const char *filter_descr = "crop=2/3*in_w:2/3*in_h";    //const char *filter_descr = "drawbox=x=100:y=100:w=100:h=100:color=pink@0.5";    const char *filter_descr = "drawtext=fontfile=arial.ttf:fontcolor=red:fontsize=50:text='Shuo.Wang'";

输入ws.yuv,输出ws_output.yuv

原生效果如下:
这里写图片描述

const char *filter_descr = “lutyuv=’u=128:v=128’”;
这里写图片描述

const char *filter_descr = “drawtext=fontfile=arial.ttf:fontcolor=red:fontsize=50:text=’Shuo.Wang’”;
这里写图片描述

源代码如下:

#include <stdio.h>#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS#ifdef _WIN32#define snprintf _snprintf//Windowsextern "C"{#include "libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h"#include "libavfilter/buffersink.h"#include "libavfilter/buffersrc.h"#include "libavutil/avutil.h"#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"};#else//Linux...#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C"{#endif#include <libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h>#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>#include <libavutil/avutil.h>#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>#ifdef __cplusplus};#endif#endifint main(int argc, char* argv[]){    int ret;    AVFrame *frame_in;    AVFrame *frame_out;    unsigned char *frame_buffer_in;    unsigned char *frame_buffer_out;    AVFilterContext *buffersink_ctx;    AVFilterContext *buffersrc_ctx;    AVFilterGraph *filter_graph;    static int video_stream_index = -1;    //Input YUV    FILE *fp_in=fopen("ws.yuv","rb+");    if(fp_in==NULL){        printf("Error open input file.\n");        return -1;    }    int in_width=1920;    int in_height=1080;    //Output YUV    FILE *fp_out=fopen("ws_output.yuv","wb+");    if(fp_out==NULL){        printf("Error open output file.\n");        return -1;    }    //const char *filter_descr = "lutyuv='u=128:v=128'";    //const char *filter_descr = "boxblur";    //const char *filter_descr = "hflip";    //const char *filter_descr = "hue='h=60:s=-3'";    //const char *filter_descr = "crop=2/3*in_w:2/3*in_h";    //const char *filter_descr = "drawbox=x=100:y=100:w=100:h=100:color=pink@0.5";    const char *filter_descr = "drawtext=fontfile=arial.ttf:fontcolor=red:fontsize=50:text='Shuo.Wang'";    avfilter_register_all();//注册所有AVFilter。    char args[512];    AVFilter *buffersrc  = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");    AVFilter *buffersink = avfilter_get_by_name("ffbuffersink");    AVFilterInOut *outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();    AVFilterInOut *inputs  = avfilter_inout_alloc();    enum PixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { PIX_FMT_YUV420P, PIX_FMT_NONE };    AVBufferSinkParams *buffersink_params;    filter_graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();//为FilterGraph分配内存。    /* buffer video source: the decoded frames from the decoder will be inserted here. */    snprintf(args, sizeof(args),        "video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:pixel_aspect=%d/%d",        in_width,in_height,PIX_FMT_YUV420P,        1, 25,1,1);    //创建并向FilterGraph中添加一个Filter。    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in",        args, NULL, filter_graph);    if (ret < 0) {        printf("Cannot create buffer source\n");        return ret;    }    /* buffer video sink: to terminate the filter chain. */    buffersink_params = av_buffersink_params_alloc();    buffersink_params->pixel_fmts = pix_fmts;    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out",        NULL, buffersink_params, filter_graph);    av_free(buffersink_params);    if (ret < 0) {        printf("Cannot create buffer sink\n");        return ret;    }    /* Endpoints for the filter graph. */    outputs->name       = av_strdup("in");    outputs->filter_ctx = buffersrc_ctx;    outputs->pad_idx    = 0;    outputs->next       = NULL;    inputs->name       = av_strdup("out");    inputs->filter_ctx = buffersink_ctx;    inputs->pad_idx    = 0;    inputs->next       = NULL;    //将一串通过字符串描述的Graph添加到FilterGraph中。    if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filter_graph, filter_descr,        &inputs, &outputs, NULL)) < 0)        return ret;    //检查FilterGraph的配置。    if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(filter_graph, NULL)) < 0)        return ret;    frame_in=av_frame_alloc();    frame_buffer_in=(unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, in_width,in_height,1));    av_image_fill_arrays(frame_in->data, frame_in->linesize,frame_buffer_in,        PIX_FMT_YUV420P,in_width, in_height,1);    frame_out=av_frame_alloc();    frame_buffer_out=(unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, in_width,in_height,1));    av_image_fill_arrays(frame_out->data, frame_out->linesize,frame_buffer_out,        PIX_FMT_YUV420P,in_width, in_height,1);    frame_in->width=in_width;    frame_in->height=in_height;    frame_in->format=PIX_FMT_YUV420P;    while (1) {        if(fread(frame_buffer_in, 1, in_width*in_height*3/2, fp_in)!= in_width*in_height*3/2){            break;        }        //input Y,U,V        frame_in->data[0]=frame_buffer_in;        frame_in->data[1]=frame_buffer_in+in_width*in_height;        frame_in->data[2]=frame_buffer_in+in_width*in_height*5/4;        //向FilterGraph中加入一个AVFrame。        if (av_buffersrc_add_frame(buffersrc_ctx, frame_in) < 0) {            printf( "Error while add frame.\n");            break;        }        /* pull filtered pictures from the filtergraph  从FilterGraph中取出一个AVFrame。*/        ret = av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersink_ctx, frame_out);        if (ret < 0)            break;        //output Y,U,V        if(frame_out->format==PIX_FMT_YUV420P){            for(int i=0;i<frame_out->height;i++){                fwrite(frame_out->data[0]+frame_out->linesize[0]*i,1,frame_out->width,fp_out);            }            for(int i=0;i<frame_out->height/2;i++){                fwrite(frame_out->data[1]+frame_out->linesize[1]*i,1,frame_out->width/2,fp_out);            }            for(int i=0;i<frame_out->height/2;i++){                fwrite(frame_out->data[2]+frame_out->linesize[2]*i,1,frame_out->width/2,fp_out);            }        }        printf("Process 1 frame!\n");    }    fclose(fp_in);    fclose(fp_out);    av_frame_free(&frame_in);    av_frame_free(&frame_out);    avfilter_graph_free(&filter_graph);    return 0;}
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