测试SpringMVC中的控制器

测试控制器最直接的办法可能就是构建并部署应用，然后通过浏览器来进行访问，但是自动化测试可能会给你更快的反馈和更一致的独立结果，所以，就需要针对控制器鞋一个测试。

假设有如下一个控制器

    @Controller    public class HelloController {        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)        public  String sayHello(){            return "hello";        }    }

该如何来测试当接受到针对“／hello.do“的get请求时会调用sayHello方法，判断返回的视图为hello.如果你只想知道测试代码如何编写，则可以直接看文章的最末尾，如果你想了解下SpringMVC整个工程的其他相关文件的内容，则可以从头往下看。

利用idea建立一个Springmvc的项目，具体步骤省略。

其中，项目中的各个文件中的内容介绍如下：

1、web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"           xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"           version="3.1">    <display-name>winner-test Web Application</display-name>    <servlet>      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>      <!--指定了核心配置文件的位置 mvc-dispatcher.xml存放在resources目录下-->      <init-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath:mvc-dispatcher.xml</param-value>      </init-param>      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>    </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>      <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping>  </web-app>

2、mvc-dispatcher.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"           xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">        <!-- 配置包扫描器 -->        <context:component-scan base-package="com.wrh.controller"/>        <!-- 配置注解驱动 -->        <mvc:annotation-driven/>        <!-- 视图解析器 -->        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>        </bean>    </beans>

3、pom.xml

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>      <groupId>com.wrh.springmvc</groupId>      <artifactId>springmvcdemo01</artifactId>      <packaging>war</packaging>      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>      <name>springmvcdemo01 Maven Webapp</name>      <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>      <dependencies>        <dependency>          <groupId>junit</groupId>          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>          <version>4.12</version>          <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->        <dependency>          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>        </dependency>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->        <dependency>          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>          <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>        </dependency>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->        <dependency>          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>          <version>3.1.0</version>        </dependency>      </dependencies>      <build>        <finalName>springmvcdemo01</finalName>      </build>    </project>

4、HelloController.java

     package com.wrh.controller;    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;    /**     * Created by wuranghao on 2017/5/9.     */    @Controller    public class HelloController {        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)        public  String sayHello(){            return "hello";        }    }

5、HelloControllerTest.java

    package com.wrh.controller;    import org.junit.*;    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;    /**     * HelloController Tester.     *     * @author <Authors name>     * @since <pre>五月 10, 2017</pre>     * @version 1.0     */    public class HelloControllerTest {        /**         *         * Method: sayHello()         *         */        @Test        public void testSayHello() throws Exception {    //TODO: Test goes here...            HelloController helloController = new HelloController();            MockMvc mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(helloController).build();            mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello.do")).andExpect(view().name("hello"));        }    }

自己在运行上面测试代码时遇到这样一个错误：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext 。

产生的原因为：缺少javax.servlet相关依赖。
解决方法为：在pom.xml（在上面此文件中已经添加）文件中，添加如下依赖：

    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>      <version>3.1.0</version>    </dependency>