unity标准资源包FirstPersonController的分析

1.鼠标转动

基类MouseLook，负责处理鼠标转向和准星是否锁定，这个比较简单

using System;using UnityEngine;using UnityStandardAssets.CrossPlatformInput;namespace UnityStandardAssets.Characters.FirstPerson{    [Serializable]    public class MouseLook    {        public float XSensitivity = 2f;    //x轴灵敏度        public float YSensitivity = 2f;    //y轴灵敏地        public bool clampVerticalRotation = true;   //是否限制俯仰角        public float MinimumX = -90F;   //最小俯角        public float MaximumX = 90F;    //最大仰角        public bool smooth;               public float smoothTime = 5f;        public bool lockCursor = true;   //锁定准星        private Quaternion m_CharacterTargetRot;  //这个是角色的属性        private Quaternion m_CameraTargetRot;     //这个是摄像机的属性，这里有必要说下，        //这里鼠标控制的横向转动是角色转，角色带动摄像机转，但竖着转动是摄像机转，角色不动        //这样就可以避免出现角色扭曲的情况        private bool m_cursorIsLocked = true;        public void Init(Transform character, Transform camera)        {            m_CharacterTargetRot = character.localRotation;            m_CameraTargetRot = camera.localRotation;        }        public void LookRotation(Transform character, Transform camera)        {            float yRot = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Mouse X") * XSensitivity;            float xRot = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * YSensitivity;//x和y轴的转动角度            m_CharacterTargetRot *= Quaternion.Euler (0f, yRot, 0f);   //数学关系，不懂= =            m_CameraTargetRot *= Quaternion.Euler (-xRot, 0f, 0f);            if(clampVerticalRotation)                m_CameraTargetRot = ClampRotationAroundXAxis (m_CameraTargetRot);  //得到俯仰角            if(smooth)   //平滑鼠标，第一人称大部分都不需要，所以不看这个            {                character.localRotation = Quaternion.Slerp (character.localRotation, m_CharacterTargetRot,                    smoothTime * Time.deltaTime);                camera.localRotation = Quaternion.Slerp (camera.localRotation, m_CameraTargetRot,                    smoothTime * Time.deltaTime);            }            else            {                character.localRotation = m_CharacterTargetRot;   //更新坐标，发现这里更新的是两部分，也就是角色和摄像机                camera.localRotation = m_CameraTargetRot;            }            UpdateCursorLock();    //处理准星是否锁定的问题        }        public void SetCursorLock(bool value)        {            lockCursor = value;            if(!lockCursor)            {//we force unlock the cursor if the user disable the cursor locking helper                Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;                Cursor.visible = true;            }        }        public void UpdateCursorLock()        {            //if the user set "lockCursor" we check & properly lock the cursos            if (lockCursor)                InternalLockUpdate();        }        private void InternalLockUpdate()//如果要锁定准星，执行这个方法        {            if(Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.Escape))            {                m_cursorIsLocked = false;  //按下Esc取消锁定            }            else if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0))            {                m_cursorIsLocked = true;            }            if (m_cursorIsLocked)  //锁定            {                Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;                Cursor.visible = false;            }            else if (!m_cursorIsLocked)  //取消锁定            {                Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;                Cursor.visible = true;            }            //个人感觉这个m_cursorIsLocked没有必要.....        }        Quaternion ClampRotationAroundXAxis(Quaternion q)//Clamp俯仰角        {            q.x /= q.w;            q.y /= q.w;            q.z /= q.w;            q.w = 1.0f;            float angleX = 2.0f * Mathf.Rad2Deg * Mathf.Atan (q.x);            angleX = Mathf.Clamp (angleX, MinimumX, MaximumX);            q.x = Mathf.Tan (0.5f * Mathf.Deg2Rad * angleX);            return q;        }    }}

主要功能在LookRotation()方法上，大体思路就是通过输入得到x和y的转动角，再通过ClampRotationAroundXAxis()方法限制一下俯仰角，最后判断何时锁定准星就可以了。注意这里横着是角色转，带动摄像机转，竖着是摄像机转，角色不转。

在主类FirstPersonController的Update()方法下运行(LookRotation被封装在RotateView()中)，在FixUpdated()方法下运行UpdateCursorLock()方法
2.移动，跳跃，人物碰撞
在主类FirstPersonController中，运动之类的都放到FixedUpdate()中，检测跳跃按钮是否按下的在Update()方法里，通过GetInput()方法获取到输入，判断好是走还是跑，然后在FixedUpdate()里通过m_CharacterController.Move()方法让角色运动起来，并通过isGrounded属性判断跳跃的情况，应该有个用球形碰撞检测斜坡的，但是暂时没看懂，碰撞到其他物体后通过OnControllerColliderHit()回调函数执行给碰到的物体的加力的操作。
先给出FirstPersonController类的变量定义和初始化

public class FirstPersonController : MonoBehaviour    {        [SerializeField] private bool m_IsWalking;        [SerializeField] private float m_WalkSpeed;        [SerializeField] private float m_RunSpeed;        [SerializeField] [Range(0f, 1f)] private float m_RunstepLenghten;        [SerializeField] private float m_JumpSpeed;        [SerializeField] private float m_StickToGroundForce;        [SerializeField] private float m_GravityMultiplier;        [SerializeField] private MouseLook m_MouseLook;        [SerializeField] private bool m_UseFovKick;        [SerializeField] private FOVKick m_FovKick = new FOVKick();        [SerializeField] private bool m_UseHeadBob;        [SerializeField] private CurveControlledBob m_HeadBob = new CurveControlledBob();        [SerializeField] private LerpControlledBob m_JumpBob = new LerpControlledBob();        [SerializeField] private float m_StepInterval;        [SerializeField] private AudioClip[] m_FootstepSounds;    // an array of footstep sounds that will be randomly selected from.        [SerializeField] private AudioClip m_JumpSound;           // the sound played when character leaves the ground.        [SerializeField] private AudioClip m_LandSound;           // the sound played when character touches back on ground.        private Camera m_Camera;        private bool m_Jump;        private float m_YRotation;        private Vector2 m_Input;        private Vector3 m_MoveDir = Vector3.zero;        private CharacterController m_CharacterController;        private CollisionFlags m_CollisionFlags;        private bool m_PreviouslyGrounded;        private Vector3 m_OriginalCameraPosition;        private float m_StepCycle;        private float m_NextStep;        private bool m_Jumping;        private AudioSource m_AudioSource;        private void Start()        {            m_CharacterController = GetComponent<CharacterController>();   //加载角色控制器            m_Camera = Camera.main;    //得到摄像机            m_OriginalCameraPosition = m_Camera.transform.localPosition;   //得到摄像机一开始的位置            m_FovKick.Setup(m_Camera);            m_HeadBob.Setup(m_Camera, m_StepInterval);            m_StepCycle = 0f;            m_NextStep = m_StepCycle/2f;            m_Jumping = false;    //跳跃状态=false            m_AudioSource = GetComponent<AudioSource>();m_MouseLook.Init(transform , m_Camera.transform);        }｝

下面是调用到的函数

private void Update()        {            RotateView();            // the jump state needs to read here to make sure it is not missed            if (!m_Jump)            {                m_Jump = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetButtonDown("Jump");  //按下跳跃键            }            if (!m_PreviouslyGrounded && m_CharacterController.isGrounded)//处理刚落地的情况            {                StartCoroutine(m_JumpBob.DoBobCycle());  //镜头摇晃                PlayLandingSound();//播放声音                m_MoveDir.y = 0f;                m_Jumping = false;            }            if (!m_CharacterController.isGrounded && !m_Jumping && m_PreviouslyGrounded)//刚起跳的时候            {                m_MoveDir.y = 0f;            }            m_PreviouslyGrounded = m_CharacterController.isGrounded;        }private void FixedUpdate()        {            float speed;     //定义速度，行走还是跑动两个速度二选一            GetInput(out speed);   //键盘输入并决定是跑还是走，将移动方向存到m_Input中，注意跳的输入放在了Update()里            // always move along the camera forward as it is the direction that it being aimed at            Vector3 desiredMove = transform.forward*m_Input.y + transform.right*m_Input.x;  //将m_Input从二维转存到三维中去            // get a normal for the surface that is being touched to move along it             RaycastHit hitInfo;        /*             * Physics.SphereCast, 进行一次球形的碰撞             * param:             *  origin, 触碰的起始点             *  radius, 球形的半径             *  direction, 碰撞的方向             *  hitInfo, 碰撞的结果             *  maxDistance, 碰撞到的最大距离             *  layerMask, 碰撞层，所有的都可以碰撞             *  queryTriggerInteraction, 是否要触发triiger         */            Physics.SphereCast(transform.position, m_CharacterController.radius, Vector3.down, out hitInfo,                               m_CharacterController.height/2f, Physics.AllLayers, QueryTriggerInteraction.Ignore);            //进行球形碰撞，碰撞到的信息存储到了hitInfo中            desiredMove = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(desiredMove, hitInfo.normal).normalized;            //看不懂            m_MoveDir.x = desiredMove.x*speed;            m_MoveDir.z = desiredMove.z*speed;            if (m_CharacterController.isGrounded)            {                m_MoveDir.y =-m_StickToGroundForce;                if (m_Jump)//跳跃情况                {                    m_MoveDir.y = m_JumpSpeed;//跳跃速度                    PlayJumpSound();//播放声音                    m_Jump = false;                    m_Jumping = true;                }            }            else            {                m_MoveDir += Physics.gravity*m_GravityMultiplier*Time.fixedDeltaTime;//不在地上的时候收到重力作用            }            m_CollisionFlags = m_CharacterController.Move(m_MoveDir*Time.fixedDeltaTime);  //通过CharacterController类的Move()方法移动            //move方法不处理重力            //m_CollisionFlags是一个存储着在路上碰撞到物体跟角色相对位置的枚举变量            ProgressStepCycle(speed);   //处理脚步声            UpdateCameraPosition(speed);//处理镜头晃动            m_MouseLook.UpdateCursorLock();  //处理准星锁定非锁定        }private void GetInput(out float speed)        {            // Read input            float horizontal = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Horizontal");            float vertical = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Vertical");            bool waswalking = m_IsWalking; //定义一个正在walking的bool值#if !MOBILE_INPUT            // On standalone builds, walk/run speed is modified by a key press.            // keep track of whether or not the character is walking or running            m_IsWalking = !Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftShift);  //按住shift让m_IsWalking转换成跑步状态#endif            // set the desired speed to be walking or running            speed = m_IsWalking ? m_WalkSpeed : m_RunSpeed;   //按照跑动还是行走的逻辑决定速度            m_Input = new Vector2(horizontal, vertical);               // normalize input if it exceeds 1 in combined length:            if (m_Input.sqrMagnitude > 1)  //如果移动二维向量的模大于1，把它转换成单位向量            {                m_Input.Normalize();  //不知道有啥用，可能是控制玩家速度是均匀的吧，不会存在斜着走更快            }            // handle speed change to give an fov kick            // only if the player is going to a run, is running and the fovkick is to be used            if (m_IsWalking != waswalking && m_UseFovKick && m_CharacterController.velocity.sqrMagnitude > 0)            {                StopAllCoroutines();                StartCoroutine(!m_IsWalking ? m_FovKick.FOVKickUp() : m_FovKick.FOVKickDown());            }        }private void OnControllerColliderHit(ControllerColliderHit hit)//当角色碰到物体的时候        {            Rigidbody body = hit.collider.attachedRigidbody;            //dont move the rigidbody if the character is on top of it            if (m_CollisionFlags == CollisionFlags.Below)            {                return;            }            if (body == null || body.isKinematic)            {                return;            }            body.AddForceAtPosition(m_CharacterController.velocity*0.1f, hit.point, ForceMode.Impulse);//给碰到的物体加力        }

3.镜头晃动
镜头晃动共有两种情况，一种是刚落地的时候镜头会往下压调用LerpControlledBob类对象，第二种是跑动或者行走的时候镜头的正常晃动调用CurveControlledBob类对象。
刚落地的情况是在Update()方法下的if (!m_PreviouslyGrounded && m_CharacterController.isGrounded){}条件下调用StartCoroutine(m_JumpBob.DoBobCycle());

using System;using System.Collections;using UnityEngine;namespace UnityStandardAssets.Utility{    [Serializable]    public class LerpControlledBob    {        public float BobDuration;   //晃动持续时间        public float BobAmount;    //往下晃动的深度        private float m_Offset = 0f;        // provides the offset that can be used        public float Offset()        {            return m_Offset;        }        public IEnumerator DoBobCycle()        {            // make the camera move down slightly            //下降            float t = 0f;            while (t < BobDuration)//计时器            {                m_Offset = Mathf.Lerp(0f, BobAmount, t/BobDuration);//计算补偿                t += Time.deltaTime;                yield return new WaitForFixedUpdate();//等待FixedUpdate()方法执行完            }            // make it move back to neutral            //上升恢复            t = 0f;            while (t < BobDuration)            {                m_Offset = Mathf.Lerp(BobAmount, 0f, t/BobDuration);                t += Time.deltaTime;                yield return new WaitForFixedUpdate();            }            m_Offset = 0f;        }    }}

行走跑步晃动的是FixedUpdate()方法下的UpdateCameraPosition(speed);
这个方法也会影响跳跃晃动

private void UpdateCameraPosition(float speed)        {            Vector3 newCameraPosition;   //定义摄像机要移动到的位置            if (!m_UseHeadBob)            {                return;            }            if (m_CharacterController.velocity.magnitude > 0 && m_CharacterController.isGrounded)//玩家在地上运动的时候            {                m_Camera.transform.localPosition =                    m_HeadBob.DoHeadBob(m_CharacterController.velocity.magnitude +                                      (speed*(m_IsWalking ? 1f : m_RunstepLenghten)));//求出一个晃动速度，让摄像机晃动                newCameraPosition = m_Camera.transform.localPosition;                newCameraPosition.y = m_Camera.transform.localPosition.y - m_JumpBob.Offset();            }            else            {                newCameraPosition = m_Camera.transform.localPosition;                newCameraPosition.y = m_OriginalCameraPosition.y - m_JumpBob.Offset();            }            m_Camera.transform.localPosition = newCameraPosition;        }

4.脚步声
脚步声分两种，一个是跳跃，一个是走跑
用AudioClip播放
着陆是在Update()方法下的PlayLandingSound()，跳跃是在FixedUpdate()下的PlayJumpSound();比较好找
走跑是在FixedUpdate()下的ProgressStepCycle(speed)

private void PlayJumpSound()        {            m_AudioSource.clip = m_JumpSound;            m_AudioSource.Play();        }       private void PlayLandingSound()     {        m_AudioSource.clip = m_LandSound;        m_AudioSource.Play();        m_NextStep = m_StepCycle + .5f;    }       private void PlayFootStepAudio()    {        if (!m_CharacterController.isGrounded)        {           return;        }        // pick & play a random footstep sound from the array,        // excluding sound at index 0        int n = Random.Range(1, m_FootstepSounds.Length);        m_AudioSource.clip = m_FootstepSounds[n];        m_AudioSource.PlayOneShot(m_AudioSource.clip);        // move picked sound to index 0 so it's not picked next time        m_FootstepSounds[n] = m_FootstepSounds[0];        m_FootstepSounds[0] = m_AudioSource.clip;    }

脚步声通过ProgressStepCycle()调用

private void ProgressStepCycle(float speed)        {            if (m_CharacterController.velocity.sqrMagnitude > 0 && (m_Input.x != 0 || m_Input.y != 0))            {                m_StepCycle += (m_CharacterController.velocity.magnitude + (speed*(m_IsWalking ? 1f : m_RunstepLenghten)))*                             Time.fixedDeltaTime;            }            if (!(m_StepCycle > m_NextStep))            {                return;            }            m_NextStep = m_StepCycle + m_StepInterval;            PlayFootStepAudio();        }

5FOV
目前我只发现奔跑的时候Fov会变大，行走时恢复，没看到有其他的效果
通过FOVKick类对象在主类的GetInput()方法调用StartCoroutine(!m_IsWalking ? m_FovKick.FOVKickUp() : m_FovKick.FOVKickDown());

using System;using System.Collections;using UnityEngine;namespace UnityStandardAssets.Utility{    [Serializable]    public class FOVKick    {        public Camera Camera;                           // optional camera setup, if null the main camera will be used        [HideInInspector] public float originalFov;     // the original fov        public float FOVIncrease = 3f;                  // the amount the field of view increases when going into a run        public float TimeToIncrease = 1f;               // the amount of time the field of view will increase over        public float TimeToDecrease = 1f;               // the amount of time the field of view will take to return to its original size        public AnimationCurve IncreaseCurve;        public void Setup(Camera camera)        {            CheckStatus(camera);            Camera = camera;            originalFov = camera.fieldOfView;        }        private void CheckStatus(Camera camera)        {            if (camera == null)            {                throw new Exception("FOVKick camera is null, please supply the camera to the constructor");            }            if (IncreaseCurve == null)            {                throw new Exception(                    "FOVKick Increase curve is null, please define the curve for the field of view kicks");            }        }        public void ChangeCamera(Camera camera)        {            Camera = camera;        }        public IEnumerator FOVKickUp()        {            float t = Mathf.Abs((Camera.fieldOfView - originalFov)/FOVIncrease);            while (t < TimeToIncrease)            {                Camera.fieldOfView = originalFov + (IncreaseCurve.Evaluate(t/TimeToIncrease)*FOVIncrease);                t += Time.deltaTime;                yield return new WaitForEndOfFrame();            }        }        public IEnumerator FOVKickDown()        {            float t = Mathf.Abs((Camera.fieldOfView - originalFov)/FOVIncrease);            while (t > 0)            {                Camera.fieldOfView = originalFov + (IncreaseCurve.Evaluate(t/TimeToDecrease)*FOVIncrease);                t -= Time.deltaTime;                yield return new WaitForEndOfFrame();            }            //make sure that fov returns to the original size            Camera.fieldOfView = originalFov;        }    }}

通过计时器，方法类似，就不说了


总体来说，就是通过FirstPersonController类
调用MouseLook类对象处理鼠标转向
调用CharacterController类对象处理运动碰撞
调用LerpControlledBob和CurveControlledBob类对象处理摄像机晃动
调用AudioSource类对象处理声音
调用FOVKick类对象处理Fov变化
剩下的可以再细细研究了

本来我想比着这个轮子再造一个更清晰点的，把CharacterController类的调用再单独封装到一个类中，结果却发现在基类里调用CharacterController得不到，空指针，在面板上序列化才可以使用，但是每次都得开始游戏后在scene界面手动给它赋值，可能是因为我的对象是new出来的吧，不用new了也是不行，所以后来干脆放弃了（白琢磨几百行代码了T_T）。越来越感觉unity的c#跟平时用到的c#不能一样用，必定有些坑等着我们踩。。。