多线程的理解

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###24.01_多线程(多线程的引入)(了解)

* 1.什么是线程

         *线程是程序执行的一条路径, 一个进程中可以包含多条线程

         *多线程并发执行可以提高程序的效率, 可以同时完成多项工作

* 2.多线程的应用场景

         *红蜘蛛同时共享屏幕给多个电脑

         *迅雷开启多条线程一起下载

         *QQ同时和多个人一起视频

         *服务器同时处理多个客户端请求

        

###24.02_多线程(多线程并行和并发的区别)(了解)

* 并行就是两个任务同时运行,就是甲任务进行的同时,乙任务也在进行。(需要多核CPU)

* 并发是指两个任务都请求运行,而处理器只能按受一个任务,就把这两个任务安排轮流进行,由于时间间隔较短,使人感觉两个任务都在运行。

* 比如我跟两个网友聊天,左手操作一个电脑跟甲聊,同时右手用另一台电脑跟乙聊天,这就叫并行。

* 如果用一台电脑我先给甲发个消息,然后立刻再给乙发消息,然后再跟甲聊,再跟乙聊。这就叫并发。

 

###24.03_多线程(Java程序运行原理和JVM的启动是多线程的吗)(了解)

* A:Java程序运行原理

         *Java命令会启动java虚拟机,启动JVM,等于启动了一个应用程序,也就是启动了一个进程。该进程会自动启动一个“主线程” ,然后主线程去调用某个类的main 方法。

        

* B:JVM的启动是多线程的吗

         *JVM启动至少启动了垃圾回收线程和主线程,所以是多线程的。

 

###24.04_多线程(多线程程序实现的方式1)(掌握)

* 1.继承Thread

         *定义类继承Thread

         *重写run方法

         *把新线程要做的事写在run方法中

         *创建线程对象

         *开启新线程, 内部会自动执行run方法

         *

                  

                            publicclass Demo2_Thread {

                  

                                     /**

                                      * @param args

                                      */

                                     publicstatic void main(String[] args) {

                                               MyThreadmt = new MyThread();                                                         //4,创建自定义类的对象

                                               mt.start();                                                                                                               //5,开启线程

                                              

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 3000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println("bb");

                                               }

                                     }

                           

                            }

                            classMyThread extends Thread {                                                                                    //1,定义类继承Thread

                                     publicvoid run() {                                                                                                //2,重写run方法

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 3000; i++) {                                                              //3,将要执行的代码,写在run方法中

                                                        System.out.println("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                               }

                                     }

                            }

 

###24.05_多线程(多线程程序实现的方式2)(掌握)

* 2.实现Runnable

         *定义类实现Runnable接口

         *实现run方法

         *把新线程要做的事写在run方法中

         *创建自定义的Runnable的子类对象

         *创建Thread对象, 传入Runnable

         *调用start()开启新线程, 内部会自动调用Runnable的run()方法

 

                            publicclass Demo3_Runnable {

                                     /**

                                      * @param args

                                      */

                                     publicstatic void main(String[] args) {

                                               MyRunnablemr = new MyRunnable();                                                        //4,创建自定义类对象

                                               //Runnabletarget = new MyRunnable();

                                               Threadt = new Thread(mr);                                                                    //5,将其当作参数传递给Thread的构造函数

                                               t.start();                                                                                                         //6,开启线程

                                              

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 3000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println("bb");

                                               }

                                     }

                            }

                           

                            classMyRunnable implements Runnable {                                                          //1,自定义类实现Runnable接口

                                     @Override

                                     publicvoid run() {                                                                                                //2,重写run方法

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 3000; i++) {                                                              //3,将要执行的代码,写在run方法中

                                                        System.out.println("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                               }

                                     }

                                    

                            }

 

###24.06_多线程(实现Runnable的原理)(了解)

* 查看源码

         *1,看Thread类的构造函数,传递了Runnable接口的引用

         *2,通过init()方法找到传递的target给成员变量的target赋值

         *3,查看run方法,发现run方法中有判断,如果target不为null就会调用Runnable接口子类对象的run方法

 

###24.07_多线程(两种方式的区别)(掌握)

* 查看源码的区别:

         *a.继承Thread : 由于子类重写了Thread类的run(), 当调用start()时, 直接找子类的run()方法

         *b.实现Runnable : 构造函数中传入了Runnable的引用, 成员变量记住了它, start()调用run()方法时内部判断成员变量Runnable的引用是否为空, 不为空编译时看的是Runnable的run(),运行时执行的是子类的run()方法

        

* 继承Thread

         *好处是:可以直接使用Thread类中的方法,代码简单

         *弊端是:如果已经有了父类,就不能用这种方法

* 实现Runnable接口

         *好处是:即使自己定义的线程类有了父类也没关系,因为有了父类也可以实现接口,而且接口是可以多实现的

         *弊端是:不能直接使用Thread中的方法需要先获取到线程对象后,才能得到Thread的方法,代码复杂

###24.08_多线程(匿名内部类实现线程的两种方式)(掌握)

* 继承Thread类

                

                   newThread() {                                                                                                                         //1,new类(){}继承这个类

                            publicvoid run() {                                                                                                //2,重写run方法

                                     for(inti = 0; i < 3000; i++) {                                                              //3,将要执行的代码,写在run方法中

                                               System.out.println("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                     }

                            }

                   }.start();

* 实现Runnable接口

                           

                   newThread(new Runnable(){                                                                                            //1,new接口(){}实现这个接口

                            publicvoid run() {                                                                                                //2,重写run方法

                                     for(inti = 0; i < 3000; i++) {                                                              //3,将要执行的代码,写在run方法中

                                               System.out.println("bb");

                                     }

                            }

                   }).start();

 

###24.09_多线程(获取名字和设置名字)(掌握)

* 1.获取名字

         *通过getName()方法获取线程对象的名字

* 2.设置名字

         *通过构造函数可以传入String类型的名字

         *

                            newThread("xxx") {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(this.getName()+ "....aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                               }

                                     }

                            }.start();

                           

                            newThread("yyy") {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(this.getName()+ "....bb");

                                               }

                                     }

                            }.start();

         *通过setName(String)方法可以设置线程对象的名字

         *

                            Threadt1 = new Thread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(this.getName()+ "....aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                               }

                                     }

                            };

                           

                            Thread t2 = newThread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(this.getName()+ "....bb");

                                               }

                                     }

                            };

                            t1.setName("芙蓉姐姐");

                            t2.setName("凤姐");

                           

                            t1.start();

                            t2.start();

 

###24.10_多线程(获取当前线程的对象)(掌握)

* Thread.currentThread(), 主线程也可以获取

         *

                            newThread(new Runnable() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                               }

                                     }

                            }).start();

                           

                            newThread(new Runnable() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "...bb");

                                               }

                                     }

                            }).start();

                            Thread.currentThread().setName("我是主线程");                                          //获取主函数线程的引用,并改名字

                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());            //获取主函数线程的引用,并获取名字

###24.11_多线程(休眠线程)(掌握)

* Thread.sleep(毫秒,纳秒), 控制当前线程休眠若干毫秒1秒= 1000毫秒 1秒 = 1000 *1000 * 1000纳秒 1000000000

 

                            newThread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 10; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(getName()+ "...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                                        try{

                                                                 Thread.sleep(10);

                                                        }catch (InterruptedException e) {

                                                                 e.printStackTrace();

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }

                            }.start();

                           

                            newThread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 10; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(getName()+ "...bb");

                                                        try{

                                                                 Thread.sleep(10);

                                                        }catch (InterruptedException e) {

                                                                 e.printStackTrace();

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }

                            }.start();

###24.12_多线程(守护线程)(掌握)

* setDaemon(), 设置一个线程为守护线程, 该线程不会单独执行, 当其他非守护线程都执行结束后, 自动退出

         *

                            Thread t1 = newThread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 50; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(getName()+ "...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                                        try{

                                                                 Thread.sleep(10);

                                                        }catch (InterruptedException e) {

                                                                 e.printStackTrace();

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }

                            };

                           

                            Thread t2 = newThread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 5; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(getName()+ "...bb");

                                                        try{

                                                                 Thread.sleep(10);

                                                        }catch (InterruptedException e) {

                                                                 e.printStackTrace();

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }

                            };

                           

                            t1.setDaemon(true);                                                     //将t1设置为守护线程

                           

                            t1.start();

                            t2.start();

###24.13_多线程(加入线程)(掌握)

* join(), 当前线程暂停, 等待指定的线程执行结束后,当前线程再继续

* join(int), 可以等待指定的毫秒之后继续

         *

                            final Thread t1 = newThread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 50; i++) {

                                                        System.out.println(getName()+ "...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");

                                                        try{

                                                                 Thread.sleep(10);

                                                        }catch (InterruptedException e) {

                                                                 e.printStackTrace();

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }

                            };

                           

                            Thread t2 = newThread() {

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               for(inti = 0; i < 50; i++) {

                                                        if(i== 2) {

                                                                 try{

                                                                           //t1.join();                                                      //插队,加入

                                                                           t1.join(30);                                                     //加入,有固定的时间,过了固定时间,继续交替执行

                                                                           Thread.sleep(10);

                                                                 }catch (InterruptedException e) {

                                                                          

                                                                           e.printStackTrace();

                                                                 }

                                                        }

                                                        System.out.println(getName()+ "...bb");

                                              

                                               }

                                     }

                            };

                           

                            t1.start();

                            t2.start();

###24.14_多线程(礼让线程)(了解)

* yield让出cpu

 

###24.15_多线程(设置线程的优先级)(了解)

* setPriority()设置线程的优先级

 

###24.16_多线程(同步代码块)(掌握)

* 1.什么情况下需要同步

         *当多线程并发, 有多段代码同时执行时, 我们希望某一段代码执行的过程中CPU不要切换到其他线程工作. 这时就需要同步.

         *如果两段代码是同步的, 那么同一时间只能执行一段, 在一段代码没执行结束之前, 不会执行另外一段代码.

* 2.同步代码块

         *使用synchronized关键字加上一个锁对象来定义一段代码, 这就叫同步代码块

         *多个同步代码块如果使用相同的锁对象, 那么他们就是同步的

 

                            classPrinter {

                                     Demo d =new Demo();

                                     publicstatic void print1() {

                                               synchronized(d){                                //锁对象可以是任意对象,但是被锁的代码需要保证是同一把锁,不能用匿名对象

                                                        System.out.print("黑");

                                                        System.out.print("马");

                                                        System.out.print("程");

                                                        System.out.print("序");

                                                        System.out.print("员");

                                                        System.out.print("\r\n");

                                               }

                                     }

        

                                     publicstatic void print2() {   

                                               synchronized(d){   

                                                        System.out.print("传");

                                                        System.out.print("智");

                                                        System.out.print("播");

                                                        System.out.print("客");

                                                        System.out.print("\r\n");

                                               }

                                     }

                            }

###24.17_多线程(同步方法)(掌握)

* 使用synchronized关键字修饰一个方法, 该方法中所有的代码都是同步的

 

                   classPrinter {

                            publicstatic void print1() {

                                     synchronized(Printer.class){                             //锁对象可以是任意对象,但是被锁的代码需要保证是同一把锁,不能用匿名对象

                                               System.out.print("黑");

                                               System.out.print("马");

                                               System.out.print("程");

                                               System.out.print("序");

                                               System.out.print("员");

                                               System.out.print("\r\n");

                                     }

                            }

                            /*

                             * 非静态同步函数的锁是:this

                             * 静态的同步函数的锁是:字节码对象

                             */

                            publicstatic synchronized void print2() {    

                                     System.out.print("传");

                                     System.out.print("智");

                                     System.out.print("播");

                                     System.out.print("客");

                                     System.out.print("\r\n");

                            }

                   }

 

###24.18_多线程(线程安全问题)(掌握)

* 多线程并发操作同一数据时, 就有可能出现线程安全问题

* 使用同步技术可以解决这种问题, 把操作数据的代码进行同步,不要多个线程一起操作

                           

                            publicclass Demo2_Synchronized {

 

                                     /**

                                      * @param args

                                      * 需求:铁路售票,一共100张,通过四个窗口卖完.

                                      */

                                     publicstatic void main(String[] args) {

                                               TicketsSellert1 = new TicketsSeller();

                                               TicketsSellert2 = new TicketsSeller();

                                               TicketsSellert3 = new TicketsSeller();

                                               TicketsSellert4 = new TicketsSeller();

                                              

                                               t1.setName("窗口1");

                                               t2.setName("窗口2");

                                               t3.setName("窗口3");

                                               t4.setName("窗口4");

                                               t1.start();

                                               t2.start();

                                               t3.start();

                                               t4.start();

                                     }

                           

                            }

                           

                            classTicketsSeller extends Thread {

                                     privatestatic int tickets = 100;

                                     staticObject obj = new Object();

                                     publicTicketsSeller() {

                                               super();

                                              

                                     }

                                     publicTicketsSeller(String name) {

                                               super(name);

                                     }

                                     publicvoid run() {

                                               while(true){

                                                        synchronized(obj){

                                                                 if(tickets<= 0)

                                                                           break;

                                                                 try{

                                                                           Thread.sleep(10);//线程1睡,线程2睡,线程3睡,线程4睡

                                                                 }catch (InterruptedException e) {

                                                                          

                                                                           e.printStackTrace();

                                                                 }

                                                                 System.out.println(getName()+ "...这是第" + tickets-- + "号票");

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }

                            }

 

###24.19_多线程(火车站卖票的例子用实现Runnable接口)(掌握)

 

 

###24.20_多线程(死锁)(了解)

* 多线程同步的时候, 如果同步代码嵌套, 使用相同锁, 就有可能出现死锁

         *尽量不要嵌套使用

                  

                            privatestatic String s1 = "筷子左";

                            privatestatic String s2 = "筷子右";

                            publicstatic void main(String[] args) {

                                     newThread() {

                                               publicvoid run() {

                                                        while(true){

                                                                 synchronized(s1){

                                                                           System.out.println(getName()+ "...拿到" + s1 + "等待" + s2);

                                                                           synchronized(s2){

                                                                                    System.out.println(getName()+ "...拿到" + s2 + "开吃");

                                                                           }

                                                                 }

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }.start();

                                    

                                     newThread() {

                                               publicvoid run() {

                                                        while(true){

                                                                 synchronized(s2){

                                                                           System.out.println(getName()+ "...拿到" + s2 + "等待" + s1);

                                                                           synchronized(s1){

                                                                                    System.out.println(getName()+ "...拿到" + s1 + "开吃");

                                                                           }

                                                                 }

                                                        }

                                               }

                                     }.start();

                            }

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