The Easy Way to Setup PostgreSQL 10 Logical Replication
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按:转载一篇介绍PostgreSQL 10.0的逻辑复制特性使用方法的文章,逻辑复制特性的实现机制稍后有时间分析。
原文地址:https://www.openscg.com/2017/06/the-easy-way-to-setup-postgresql-10-logical-replication/
One of the most exciting enhancements that comes with the new PostgreSQL 10 release, is Logical Replication. The functionality, although not yet as extensive as pgLogical which it is based on, provides a powerful replication option when you want control over table backups at a finite level – allowing all kinds of ETL goodness like:
- replicating only certain tables, columns, or rows
- consolidating multiple databases into a single one
- sharing a subset of the database between multiple databases
- replicating between different major versions of PostgreSQL
Want to try it without the fuss?
Installing multiple PostgreSQL 10 sandboxes on your localhost in 4 easy steps
You want to try it but can’t face installation hell? The BigSQL distribution has your back. We make it easy.
Make 2 directories:
# the logical replication publishermkdir pub_test # the logical replication subscribermkdir sub_test
Navigate to your pub_test directory:
cd pub_test
Install the a postgresql 10 instance (Windows users don’t prefix the pgc command with ./ as shown in the following commands):
# use this for MAC / Linux:python -c "$(curl -fsSL http://s3.amazonaws.com/pgcentral/install.py)" # use this for Windows:@powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy unrestricted -Command "iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('http://s3.amazonaws.com/pgcentral/install.ps1'))"# run pgc commands to install pg10cd bigsql ./pgc install pg10./pgc start pg10# make sure the instance is running./pgc status
Repeat all of the commands in step 3 after navigating to your sub_test directory:
cd sub_test
Take note that:
- The first installation, pub_test, will default to port 5432.
- The second installation, sub_test, will default to port 5433.
Edit postgresql.conf
For logical replication to work, you will first need to change the configuration parameter wal_level
to ‘logical’.
So, you will need to edit the file postgresql.conf for BOTH of your PostgreSQL (pub_test AND sub_test). Navigate to the directory where postgresql.conf is located:
cd {pub_test,sub_test}/bigsql/data/pg10
Open the file with your favorite editor and change wal_level
from ‘hot_standby’ to ‘logical’
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# WRITE AHEAD LOG#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# - Settings -wal_level = logical # (change requires restart)
Navigate to the bigsql directory and restart pg10:
cd ../.../pgc restart pg10
Exercise: Rock Legends Database
For this exercise, we will create a rock legends database and setup logical replication on the rocker girls table.
Create the publisher
Connect as a superuser to the PostgreSQL instance that will serve as the publisher:
#publisher instance in running on port 5432 - the default psql -h localhost -p 5432 -U postgres
Create rock_legends_db database:
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE rock_legends_db;postgres=# \c rock_legends_db; You are now connected to database "rock_legends_db" as user "postgres".
Create table rocker_girls:
CREATE TABLE rocker_girls ( name text PRIMARY KEY, band text NOT NULL, record_creation_date timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now() );
Add record to rocker_girls table:
INSERT INTO rocker_girls(name, band) VALUES('Debbie Harry', 'Blondie');
Check to see that rocker_girls table with data was created:
rock_legends_db=# select * from rocker_girls; name | band | record_creation_date ------------ | ------- | ----------------------------- Debbie Harry | Blondie | 2017-05-30 12:52:12.177873-04 (1 row)
Setup the database as the publisher for the rocker_girls table:
CREATE PUBLICATION pub_rock FOR TABLE rocker_girls;
Exit psql:
rock_legends_db=# \q
Create the subscriber
Connect as a superuser to the PostgreSQL instance that will serve as the subscriber:
#subscriber instance in running on port 5433 - the default psql -h localhost -p 5433 -U postgres
Repeat steps 2 – 3 from above. DO NOT add any records to the table!
Setup the database as the subscriber:
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION sub_rock CONNECTION 'host=localhost port=5432 dbname=rock_legends_db' PUBLICATION pub_rock;
Verify that the rocker_girls “Debbie Harry” row was replicated:
rock_legends_db=# select * from rocker_girls; name | band | record_creation_date ------------ | ------- | ----------------------------- Debbie Harry | Blondie | 2017-05-30 12:52:12.177873-04 (1 row)
Debbie Harry has been replicated!
Test the replication by adding another record
Connect to the publisher:
psql -h localhost -p 5432 -U postgres -d rock_legends_db
Add a new record:
INSERT INTO rocker_girls(name, band) VALUES('Janis Joplin', 'Big Brother and the Holding Company');
Disconnect from publisher and connect to subscriber:
rock_legends_db=# \qpsql -h localhost -p 5433 -U postgres -d rock_legends_db
Run select all on rocker_girls table:
rock_legends_db=# select * from rocker_girls;name | band | record_creation_date ------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------- Debbie Harry | Blondie | 2017-05-30 12:52:12.177873-04 Janis Joplin | Big Brother and the Holding Company | 2017-05-31 08:22:57.708333-04(2 rows)
Janis has been replicated!
What’s next
In upcoming posts, I’ll show more ways to manage your replications. In the meantime, you can continue to test in your sandboxes. And in case you need to blow away your logical replication …
How to delete the subscriber and publisher
rock_legends_db=# drop subscription testsub;NOTICE: dropped replication slot "rock_legends_db" on publisherDROP SUBSCRIPTIONrock_legends_db=# drop publication alltables;DROP PUBLICATION
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