398. Random Pick Index
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Given an array of integers with possible duplicates, randomly output the index of a given target number. You can assume that the given target number must exist in the array.
Note:
The array size can be very large. Solution that uses too much extra space will not pass the judge.
Example:
int[] nums = new int[] {1,2,3,3,3};Solution solution = new Solution(nums);// pick(3) should return either index 2, 3, or 4 randomly. Each index should have equal probability of returning.solution.pick(3);// pick(1) should return 0. Since in the array only nums[0] is equal to 1.solution.pick(1);Reservoir Sampling 的问题。遍历nums,如果nums[i] == target,count++。问题回到了在count个数里面选择一个index,random(count) == 0保证当前数被选到的概率是1/count,再遇到target,count++,依此类推,每次都保证当前数被选到的概率是1/count。代码如下:
public class Solution { int[] nums; Random random; public Solution(int[] nums) { this.nums = nums; random = new Random(); } public int pick(int target) { int res = 0; int count = 0; for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i ++) { if (nums[i] == target) { if (random.nextInt(++count) == 0) { res = i; } } } return res; }}/** * Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such: * Solution obj = new Solution(nums); * int param_1 = obj.pick(target); */
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