MAKEWORD(2,2)使用

大凡在WIN32平台上的WINSOCK编程都要经过下列步骤:
 

    定义变量->获得WINDOCK版本->加载WINSOCK库->初始化->创建套接字->设置套接字选项->关闭套接字->卸载WINSOCK库->释放资源

    下面介绍WINSOCK C/S的建立过程:

    服务器                        客户端
________________________________________________
1  初始化WSA                     1   初始化WSA
____________________________________________________
2  建立一个SOCKET                2   建立一个SOCKET
_____________________________________________________
3  绑定SOCKET                    3   连接到服务器
_____________________________________________________
4  在指定的端口监听              4   发送和接受数据
_____________________________________________________
5  接受一个连接                  5    断开连接
______________________________________________________-
6   发送和接受数据
___________________________________________________
7   断开连接
__________________________________________________
  
   大家注意,在VC中进行WINSOCK编程时,需要引入如下两个库文件:WINSOCK.H(这个是WINSOCKAPI的头文件,WIN2K以上支持WINSOCK2,所以
可以用WINSOCK2.H);Ws2_32.lib(WINSOCK API连接库文件).
使用方式如下:
              #include <winsock.h>
          #pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
  
  下面我们通过具体的代码演示服务器和客户端的工作流程:

首先,建立一个WSADATA结构,通常用wsaData
WSADATA wsaData;

然后,调用WSAStartup函数,这个函数是连接应用程序与winsock.dll的第一个调用.其中,第一个参数是WINSOCK版本号,第二个参数是指向
WSADATA的指针.该函数返回一个INT型值,通过检查这个值来确定初始化是否成功.调用格式如下:WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData),其中
MAKEWORD(2,2)表示使用WINSOCK2版本.wsaData用来存储系统传回的关于WINSOCK的资料.

if(iResuit=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData)!=0)
{
    printf("WSAStartupfailed:%d",GetLastError());  //返回值不等与0,说明初始化失败

• 
  

    if ( bind( server, (SOCKADDR*) &service,sizeof(service) ) == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
        printf( "bind() failed.\n" );
        closesocket(server);
        return;
    }
    
                                                                              // 监听 socket
    if ( listen( server, 1 ) == SOCKET_ERROR )
        printf( "Error listening on socket.\n");

                                                                                // 接受连接
    SOCKET AcceptSocket;

    printf( "Waiting for a client to connect...\n" );
    while (1) {
        AcceptSocket = SOCKET_ERROR;
        while ( AcceptSocket == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
            AcceptSocket = accept( server, NULL, NULL );
        }
        printf( "Client Connected.\n");
        server = AcceptSocket;
        break;
    }
    
                                                                                     // 发送接受数据
    int bytesSent;
    int bytesRecv = SOCKET_ERROR;
    char sendbuf[32] = "Server: Sending Data.";
    char recvbuf[32] = "";
    
    bytesRecv = recv( server, recvbuf, 32, 0 );
    printf( "Bytes Recv: %ld\n", bytesRecv );
    
    bytesSent = send( server, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf), 0 );
    printf( "Bytes Sent: %ld\n", bytesSent );

    return;