WINSOCK编程步骤 MAKEWORD(2,2)使用

大凡在WIN32平台上的WINSOCK编程都要经过下列步骤:
      定义变量->获得WINDOCK版本->加载WINSOCK库->初始化->创建套接字->设置套接字选项->关闭套接字->卸载WINSOCK库->释放资源

     下面介绍WINSOCK C/S的建立过程:

     服务器                         客户端
________________________________________________
1   初始化WSA                      1   初始化WSA
____________________________________________________
2   建立一个SOCKET           2   建立一个SOCKET
_____________________________________________________
3   绑定SOCKET                   3   连接到服务器
_____________________________________________________
4   在指定的端口监听            4   发送和接受数据
_____________________________________________________
5   接受一个连接                    5    断开连接
______________________________________________________-
6   发送和接受数据
___________________________________________________
7   断开连接
__________________________________________________
  
    大家注意,在VC中进行WINSOCK编程时,需要引入如下两个库文件:WINSOCK.H(这个是WINSOCK API的头文件,WIN2K以上支持WINSOCK2, 所以可以用WINSOCK2.H);Ws2_32.lib(WINSOCK API连接库文件).
使用方式如下:
           #include <winsock.h>
           #pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
  
   下面我们通过具体的代码演示服务器和客户端的工作流程:

首先,建立一个WSADATA结构，通常用wsaData
WSADATA wsaData;

然后,调用WSAStartup函数，这个函数是连接应用程序与winsock.dll的第一个调用，其中,第一个参数是WINSOCK 版本号,第二个参数是指向WSADATA的指针.该函数返回一个INT型值，通过检查这个值来确定初始化是否成功，调用格式如下：

WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData)

其中，MAKEWORD(2,2)表示使用WINSOCK2版本；wsaData用来存储系统传回的关于WINSOCK的资料.

if(iResuit=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData)!=0)
{
     printf("WSAStartup failed:%d",GetLastError());   //返回值不等与0,说明初始化失败

     if ( bind( server, (SOCKADDR*) &service, sizeof(service) ) == SOCKET_ERROR ) 

{
          printf( "bind() failed.\n" );
          closesocket(server);
        return;
    }
    
                                                                               // 监听 socket
     if ( listen( server, 1 ) == SOCKET_ERROR )
         printf( "Error listening on socket.\n");

                                                                                 // 接受连接
     SOCKET AcceptSocket;

     printf( "Waiting for a client to connect...\n" );
     while (1) 

{
          AcceptSocket = SOCKET_ERROR;
          while ( AcceptSocket == SOCKET_ERROR )

 {
              AcceptSocket = accept( server, NULL, NULL );
         }
          printf( "Client Connected.\n");
         server = AcceptSocket;
         break;
}
    
                                                                                      // 发送接受数据
     int bytesSent;
     int bytesRecv = SOCKET_ERROR;
     char sendbuf[32] = "Server: Sending Data.";
     char recvbuf[32] = "";
    
     bytesRecv = recv( server, recvbuf, 32, 0 );
     printf( "Bytes Recv: %ld\n", bytesRecv );
    
     bytesSent = send( server, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf), 0 );
     printf( "Bytes Sent: %ld\n", bytesSent );

     return;