7.7 Hibernate:内置生成器 – native

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Hibernate 根据使用的数据库自行判断采用 identityhilosequence 其中一种作为主键生成方式,非常灵活。

如果使用的是 Oracle 数据库,Hibernate 需要使用一个叫 hibernate_sequence 的 sequence 。

除 Oracle 数据库外,针对大部分其他数据库,native 泛指自增。

注意:如果 Hibernate 自动选择 sequence 或者 hilo,则所有表的主键都会从 Hibernate 默认的 sequence 或 hilo 表中取。并且有的数据库对于默认情况主键生成测试的支持,效率并不高。

使用 sequence 或 hilo 时可以加入参数,指定 sequence 名称或 hi 值表名称,如

<param name="sequence">hibernate_id</param>

特点:根据数据库自动选择,项目中如果用到多个数据库时可以使用此方式,使用时需要设置表的自增字段或建立序列、建表等。

使用 MySQL 演示:

1 使用 XML

1.1 持久化类定义:

package hibernate;import java.util.Date;public class Person {    private Integer id;    private String account;    private String name;    private Date birth;    public Person() {}    public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {        this.account = account;        this.name = name;        this.birth = birth;    }    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getAccount() {        return account;    }    public void setAccount(String account) {        this.account = account;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Date getBirth() {        return birth;    }    public void setBirth(Date birth) {        this.birth = birth;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";    }}

1.2 定义映射:

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping>  <class name="hibernate.Person" table="PERSON">    <id name="id" type="int">      <column name="ID" />      <generator class="native" />    </id>    <property name="account" type="java.lang.String">      <column name="ACCOUNT" />    </property>    <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">      <column name="NAME" />    </property>    <property name="birth" type="java.util.Date">      <column name="BIRTH" />    </property>  </class></hibernate-mapping>

1.3 单元测试:

package hibernate;import java.util.Date;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.junit.Test;public class HibernateTest {    @Test    public void test() {        Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");        SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();        Person person = new Person("admin", "Nick", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));        session.save(person);        transaction.commit();        session.close();        sessionFactory.close();    }}

单元测试通过,查询数据库新插入一条数据,ID1
这里写图片描述

2 使用注解(annotation)

使用注解定义持久化类:

package hibernate;import java.util.Date;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Table;import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;@Entity@Tablepublic class Person {    @Id    @GeneratedValue(generator = "assignedGenerator")    @GenericGenerator(name = "assignedGenerator", strategy = "native")    private Integer id;    private String account;    private String name;    private Date birth;    public Person() {}    public Person(String account, String name, Date birth) {        this.account = account;        this.name = name;        this.birth = birth;    }    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getAccount() {        return account;    }    public void setAccount(String account) {        this.account = account;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Date getBirth() {        return birth;    }    public void setBirth(Date birth) {        this.birth = birth;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Person [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";    }}

运行【1.3 单元测试】,测试结果相同。