【Java】Integer变量相等(==)比较问题

来源:互联网 发布:汉朝军制知乎 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/15 10:00

题目

这是关于一段令人疑惑的Java代码:

class TestIntegerCache {    public static void main(String[] args){        Integer i3 = 100;        Integer i4 = 100;        System.out.println(i3 == i4);        Integer i5 = 1000;        Integer i6 = 1000;        System.out.println(i5 == i6);    }}

这么简单,执行结果是什么?

true
false

一个是true,一个是false!
这是为什么呢?为什么和大多数人心里想的不一样!

分析

根据Java编译机制,.java文件在编译以后会生成.class文件给JVM加载执行,于是找到.class文件,反编译看了一下,发现编译器在编译我们的代码时,很调皮(聪明的)的在我们声明的变量加上了valueOf方法 ,代码变成了如下:

class TestIntegerCache {    public static void main(String[] args){        Integer i3 = Integer.valueOf(100);        Integer i4 = Integer.valueOf(100);        System.out.println(i3 == i4);        Integer i5 = Integer.valueOf(1000);        Integer i6 = Integer.valueOf(1000);        System.out.println(i5 == i6);    }}

valueOf() 方法对它做了什么,我们看看源代码:

/**     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by     * caching frequently requested values.     *     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.     *     * @param  i an {@code int} value.     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.     * @since  1.5     */public static Integer valueOf(int i) {        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)    //我们看到这里有个缓存,在缓存区间就返回缓存里的            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];   //缓存数组相应的对象        return new Integer(i);    //不在缓存数组区间就new一个对象    }

我们发现,Integer的作者在写这个类时,为了避免重复创建对象,对Integer值做了缓存,如果这个值在缓存范围内,直接返回缓存好的对象,否则new一个新的对象返回,那究竟这个缓存到底缓存了哪些内容呢?看一下IntegerCache这个类:

/**     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.     *     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the     * sun.misc.VM class.     */    private static class IntegerCache {        static final int low = -128;        static final int high;        static final Integer cache[];        static {            //检查虚拟机里是否有缓存区间配置项,如果有就赋成该值,没有就默认[-128, 127]            // high value may be configured by property            int h = 127;            String integerCacheHighPropValue =                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {                try {                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);                    i = Math.max(i, 127);                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.                }            }            high = h;            //创建缓存数组,并初始化(缓存值)            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];            int j = low;            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;        }        private IntegerCache() {}    }

这是一个内部静态类,该类只能在Integer这个类的内部访问,这个类在初始化的时候,会去加载JVM的配置,如果有值,就用配置的值初始化缓存数组,否则就缓存-128127之间的值。
再来看看我们之前的代码:

这里写图片描述

看完这个,是不是明白了呢

参考资料

让人疑惑的代码,竟成大多公司面试题热门!

原创粉丝点击