SpringBoot(一) 入门
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什么是SpringBoot
Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架,其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置,从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置
Spring Boot具有如下特性:
1、为基于Spring的开发提供更快的入门体验
2、开箱即用,没有代码生成,也无需XML配置。同时也可以修改默认值来满足特定的需求。
3、提供了一些大型项目中常见的非功能性特性,如嵌入式服务器、安全、指标,健康检测、外部配置等。
4、Spring Boot并不是不对Spring功能上的增强,而是提供了一种快速使用Spring的方式。
项目创建
Spring Boot建议使用Maven或Gradle,本文以Maven为例
1. 添加依赖
新建maven工程,在pom.xml文件中添加一下依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.github.abel533</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> <version>1.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>
pom.xml文件中默认有两个模块:
spring-boot-starter:核心模块,包括自动配置支持、日志和YAML;
spring-boot-starter-test:测试模块,包括JUnit、Hamcrest、Mockito
2. 新建一个应用类
我们新建一个Application.java
@RestController@SpringBootApplication@EnableConfigurationProperties({ConfigBean.class})public class Application { @RequestMapping("/") public String sayHello(){ return "Hello SpringBoot!"; } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); }}
注意
Spring Boot建议将我们main方法所在的这个主要的配置类配置在根包名下。
在Application.java中有main方法。
因为默认和包有关的注解,默认包名都是当前类所在的包,例如@ComponentScan, @EntityScan, @SpringBootApplication注解。
@RestController
因为我们例子是写一个web应用,因此写的这个注解,这个注解相当于同时添加@Controller和@ResponseBody注解。
@EnableAutoConfiguration
Spring Boot建议只有一个带有该注解的类。
@EnableAutoConfiguration作用:Spring Boot会自动根据你jar包的依赖来自动配置项目。例如当你项目下面有HSQLDB的依赖时,Spring Boot会创建默认的内存数据库的数据源DataSource,如果你自己创建了DataSource,Spring Boot就不会创建默认的DataSource。
@SpringBootApplication
由于大量项目都会在主要的配置类上添加@Configuration,@EnableAutoConfiguration,@ComponentScan三个注解。
因此Spring Boot提供了@SpringBootApplication注解,该注解可以替代上面三个注解(使用Spring注解继承实现)。
3.运行
执行SpringApplication.run,然后访问http://localhost:8080即可
项目启动后输出如下日志:
[INFO] Attaching agents: [F:\.m2\repository\org\springframework\springloaded\1.2.5.RELEASE\springloaded-1.2.5.RELEASE.jar] . ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v1.2.3.RELEASE)2015-12-12 22:26:35.298 INFO 9844 --- [ main] c.github.abel533.springboot.Application : Starting Application on liuzh-PC with PID 9844 (F:\Liu\IDEA\SpringBoot\spring-boot\target\classes started by liuzh_3nofxnp in F:\Liu\IDEA\SpringBoot\spring-boot)2015-12-12 22:26:35.332 INFO 9844 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@a38d7a3: startup date [Sat Dec 12 22:26:35 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy2015-12-12 22:26:35.734 INFO 9844 --- [ main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver': replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]2015-12-12 22:26:36.302 INFO 9844 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)2015-12-12 22:26:36.456 INFO 9844 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat2015-12-12 22:26:36.457 INFO 9844 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.202015-12-12 22:26:36.537 INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2015-12-12 22:26:36.537 INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1207 ms2015-12-12 22:26:36.941 INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]2015-12-12 22:26:36.944 INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]2015-12-12 22:26:36.945 INFO 9844 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]2015-12-12 22:26:37.111 INFO 9844 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@a38d7a3: startup date [Sat Dec 12 22:26:35 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy2015-12-12 22:26:37.152 INFO 9844 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto java.lang.String com.github.abel533.springboot.Application.home()2015-12-12 22:26:37.152 INFO 9844 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/now],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto java.lang.String com.github.abel533.springboot.Application.hehe()2015-12-12 22:26:37.156 INFO 9844 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)2015-12-12 22:26:37.156 INFO 9844 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[text/html],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)2015-12-12 22:26:37.175 INFO 9844 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2015-12-12 22:26:37.175 INFO 9844 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2015-12-12 22:26:37.195 INFO 9844 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2015-12-12 22:26:37.237 INFO 9844 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup2015-12-12 22:26:37.279 INFO 9844 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
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