后台长时间定时定位-Location实践经验

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前言

最近接到这样一个需求,每隔固定时间采集用户的位置,然后再把这些数据上传到服务器。研究了下ios的定位功能,在后台定时遇到了一些困难。当app进入后台状态,定时器就不再运行,导致无法取到用户的位置。
在网上查了一些资料,发现有人已经实现了这个功能,它是一个Github上的第三方库,叫Location,不仅能在后台定时采集位置数据,还优化了定位方式,减少耗电。
接下来我们来看看Location是如何实现的以及它存在的问题。

代码结构


Location代码结构

BackgroundTaskManager

负责创建、管理后台任务,提供两个方法,开始和结束后台任务。它实现了后台任务的无限期运行。
@interface BackgroundTaskManager : NSObject

+(instancetype)sharedBackgroundTaskManager;-(UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier)beginNewBackgroundTask;-(void)endAllBackgroundTasks;@end

LocationShareModel

包装了后台任务类,也管理定位定时器。

@interface LocationShareModel : NSObject@property (nonatomic) NSTimer *timer;@property (nonatomic) NSTimer * delay10Seconds;@property (nonatomic) BackgroundTaskManager * bgTask;@property (nonatomic) NSMutableArray *myLocationArray;+(id)sharedModel;@end

LocationTracker

负责管理后台定时定位的主类。
我们先看一下它提供的接口。

+ (CLLocationManager *)sharedLocationManager;//开始追踪定位- (BOOL)startLocationTracking;//停止追踪定位- (void)stopLocationTracking;//向服务器发送已获取的设备位置数据- (void)updateLocationToServer;

LocationTracker类的初始化

+ (CLLocationManager *)sharedLocationManager {    static CLLocationManager *_locationManager;    @synchronized(self) {        if (_locationManager == nil) {            _locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];            //设备位置精度,这里设置为最高精度            _locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation;            //是否暂停更新            _locationManager.pausesLocationUpdatesAutomatically = NO;                         //iOS9的新特性,打开后台位置更新,还要在plist中配置            if (IOS9ORLATER) {                _locationManager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = YES;            }        }    }    return _locationManager;}

当应用进入后台,借助BackgroundTaskManager无限延长后台任务的存活时间,进行后台采集位置信息。

- (id)init {    if (self==[super init]) {        //Get the share model and also initialize myLocationArray        self.shareModel = [LocationShareModel sharedModel];        self.shareModel.myLocationArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(applicationEnterBackground) name:UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification object:nil];    }    return self;}-(void)applicationEnterBackground{    CLLocationManager *locationManager = [LocationTracker sharedLocationManager];    locationManager.delegate = self;    locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation;    locationManager.distanceFilter = kCLDistanceFilterNone;    if(IOS8ORLATER) {        [locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];    }    [locationManager startUpdatingLocation];    //Use the BackgroundTaskManager to manage all the background Task    self.shareModel.bgTask = [BackgroundTaskManager sharedBackgroundTaskManager];    [self.shareModel.bgTask beginNewBackgroundTask];}

持续获取设备的位置,是个特别耗电的任务。为了减少耗电,定时关闭位置服务。在接收到位置信息10秒后,关闭位置服务,一分钟后再重新打开位置服务,这样就达到减少耗电的目的。我们看代码的实现

-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray *)locations{    ......    self.shareModel.bgTask = [BackgroundTaskManager sharedBackgroundTaskManager];    [self.shareModel.bgTask beginNewBackgroundTask];    //Restart the locationMaanger after 1 minute    self.shareModel.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:60 target:self                                                           selector:@selector(restartLocationUpdates)                                                           userInfo:nil                                                            repeats:NO];    //Will only stop the locationManager after 10 seconds, so that we can get some accurate locations    //The location manager will only operate for 10 seconds to save battery    if (self.shareModel.delay10Seconds) {        [self.shareModel.delay10Seconds invalidate];        self.shareModel.delay10Seconds = nil;    }    self.shareModel.delay10Seconds = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:10 target:self                                                                    selector:@selector(stopLocationDelayBy10Seconds)                                                                    userInfo:nil                                                                     repeats:NO];}

重启位置服务

- (void) restartLocationUpdates{    if (self.shareModel.timer) {        [self.shareModel.timer invalidate];        self.shareModel.timer = nil;    }    CLLocationManager *locationManager = [LocationTracker sharedLocationManager];    locationManager.delegate = self;    locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation;    locationManager.distanceFilter = kCLDistanceFilterNone;    if(IOS8ORLATER) {        [locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];    }    [locationManager startUpdatingLocation];}

按照Location库的设计,在updateLocationToServer方法中,处理向服务器发送信息。

- (void)updateLocationToServer {    .........    //TODO: 在这里插入你的代码,处理向服务器发送位置信息    ........}

实践

这个类库解决了后台定时定位的问题,使用也很简单,而且还处理了定位耗电的问题,使耗电量降低到每小时5%左右。但在实践的过程中发现它存在一些问题。

  1. 发送数据到服务器方法的定时器,最大支持3分钟;
  2. 发送数据到服务器方法的定时器,在运行2小时后就停止了;
  3. 发送数据到服务器方法的定时器,不准确;

经过一些尝试,废弃了updateLocationToServer方法,将发送数据的代码移到locationManager中,才解决了这几个问题。具体解决方法如下:
首先为LocationTracker类添加一个私有的属性,记录上次执行发送数据的时间。

@interface LocationTracker ()@property (nonatomic, strong) NSDate *lastSendDate;@end

在locationManager回调方法中添加自己的代码。

    .......   //Select only valid location and also location with good accuracy        if(newLocation!=nil&&theAccuracy>0           &&theAccuracy<2000           &&(!(theLocation.latitude==0.0&&theLocation.longitude==0.0))){            self.myLastLocation = theLocation;            self.myLastLocationAccuracy= theAccuracy;            NSMutableDictionary * dict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]init];            [dict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:theLocation.latitude] forKey:@"latitude"];            [dict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:theLocation.longitude] forKey:@"longitude"];            [dict setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:theAccuracy] forKey:@"theAccuracy"];            //Add the vallid location with good accuracy into an array            //Every 1 minute, I will select the best location based on accuracy and send to server            [self.shareModel.myLocationArray addObject:dict];            //这里插入代码,处理发送位置数据到服务器                if (!self.lastSendDate || [[self.lastSendDate dateByAddingHours:1] compare:[NSDate date]] <= 0) {                    self.lastSendDate = [NSDate date];                    }            }


作者:潇潇潇潇潇潇潇
链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/295a3ae5f8a6
來源:简书

著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。

转载自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/7ccc0860bdbd

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