Caffe学习3:Layer

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3、Layer
Layer(层)是Caffe中最庞大最繁杂的模块。由于Caffe强调模块化设计,因此只允许每个layer完成一类特定的计算,例如convolution操作、pooling、非线性变换、内积运算,以及数据加载、归一化和损失计算等。layer这个类可以说是里面最终的一个基本类了,深度网络也就是一层一层的layer叠起来,相互之间通过blob传输数据连接起来,
这里写图片描述

Caffe中与Layer相关的头文件有7个,

  • layer.hpp: 父类Layer,定义所有layer的基本接口。
  • data_layers.hpp: 继承自父类Layer,定义与输入数据操作相关的子Layer,例如DataLayer,HDF5DataLayer和ImageDataLayer等。
  • vision_layers.hpp: 继承自父类Layer,定义与特征表达相关的子Layer,例如ConvolutionLayer,PoolingLayer和LRNLayer等。
  • neuron_layers.hpp: 继承自父类Layer,定义与非线性变换相关的子Layer,例如ReLULayer,TanHLayer和SigmoidLayer等。
  • loss_layers.hpp: 继承自父类Layer,定义与输出误差计算相关的子Layer,例如EuclideanLossLayer,SoftmaxWithLossLayer和HingeLossLayer等。
  • common_layers.hpp: 继承自父类Layer,定义与中间结果数据变形、逐元素操作相关的子Layer,例如ConcatLayer,InnerProductLayer和SoftmaxLayer等。
  • layer_factory.hpp: Layer工厂模式类,负责维护现有可用layer和相应layer构造方法的映射表。

其中layer.hpp是抽象出来的基类,除了layer_factory.hpp,其他都是在其基础上的继承,也即剩下的五个头文件和上图中的五个部分。

在layer.hpp`头文件里,包含了这几个头文件:

#include "caffe/blob.hpp"#include "caffe/common.hpp"#include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"#include "caffe/util/device_alternate.hpp"

在device_alternate.hpp中,通过#ifdef CPU_ONLY定义了一些宏来取消GPU的调用:

#define STUB_GPU(classname)#define STUB_GPU_FORWARD(classname, funcname)#define STUB_GPU_BACKWARD(classname, funcname)

layer中有这三个主要参数:

LayerParameter layer_param_;      // 这个是protobuf文件中存储的layer参数vector<share_ptr<Blob<Dtype>>> blobs_;        // 这个存储的是layer的参数,在程序中用的vector<bool> param_propagate_down_;        // 这个bool表示是否计算各个blob参数的diff,即传播误差

Layer类的构建函数explicit Layer(const LayerParameter& param) : layer_param_(param)会尝试从protobuf文件读取参数。其三个主要接口:

virtual void SetUp(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom, vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* top)inline Dtype Forward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom, vector<Blob<Dtype>*>* top);inline void Backward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top, const vector<bool>& propagate_down, const <Blob<Dtype>*>* bottom);

SetUp函数需要根据实际的参数设置进行实现,对各种类型的参数初始化;Forward和Backward对应前向计算和反向更新,输入统一都是bottom,输出为top,其中Backward里面有个propagate_down参数,用来表示该Layer是否反向传播参数。
在Forward和Backward的具体实现里,会根据Caffe::mode()进行对应的操作,即使用cpu或者gpu进行计算,两个都实现了对应的接口Forward_cpu、Forward_gpu和Backward_cpu、Backward_gpu,这些接口都是virtual,具体还是要根据layer的类型进行对应的计算(注意:有些layer并没有GPU计算的实现,所以封装时加入了CPU的计算作为后备)。另外,还实现了ToProto的接口,将Layer的参数写入到protocol buffer文件中。

每个layer有输入一些’bottom’ blobs, 输出一些’top’ blobs. 输入层是”data”和”label” blobs。
这里写图片描述
一个 layer 通过 bottom(底部)连接层接收数据,通过 top(顶部)连接层输出数据。
每一个 layer 都定义了 3 种重要的运算: setup(初始化设置), forward(前向传播),backward(反向传播)。

  • Setup: 在模型初始化时重置 layers 及其相互之间的连接 ;
  • Forward: 从 bottom 层中接收数据,进行计算后将输出送入到 top 层中;
  • Backward: 给定相对于 top 层输出的梯度,计算其相对于输入的梯度,并传递到 bottom层。一个有参数的 layer 需要计算相对于各个参数的梯度值并存储在内部。

特别地,Forward 和 Backward 函数分别有 CPU 和 GPU 两种实现方式。如果没有实现 GPU版本,那么 layer 将转向作为备用选项的 CPU 方式。尽管这样会增加额外的数据传送成本(输入数据由 GPU 上复制到 CPU,之后输出数据从 CPU 又复制回到 GPU),但是对于做一些快速实验这样操作还是很方便的。

总的来说, Layer 承担了网络的两个核心操作: forward pass(前向传播) ——接收输入并计算输出; backward pass(反向传播) ——接收关于输出的梯度,计算相对于参数和输入的梯度并反向传播给在它前面的层。由此组成了每个 layer 的前向和反向通道。

由于 Caffe 网络的组合性和其代码的模块化,自定义 layer 是很容易的。只要定义好 layer的 setup(初始化设置)、 forward(前向通道)和 backward(反向通道),就可将 layer 纳入到网络中。

首先layer必须要实现一个forward function,前递函数当然功能可以自己定义啦,在forward中呢他会从input也就是Layer的bottom,对了caffe里面网络的前一层是叫bottom的,从bottom中获取blob,并且计算输出的Blob,当然他们也会实现一个反向传播,根据他们的input的blob以及output blob的error gradient 梯度误差计算得到该层的梯度误差。从公式中也可以看到:这里写图片描述

layer.hpp:

#ifndef CAFFE_LAYER_H_    #define CAFFE_LAYER_H_    #include <algorithm>    #include <string>    #include <vector>    #include "caffe/blob.hpp"    #include "caffe/common.hpp"    #include "caffe/layer_factory.hpp"    #include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"    #include "caffe/util/device_alternate.hpp"    namespace caffe {    /**   * @brief An interface for the units of computation which can be composed into a   *        Net.   *   * Layer%s must implement a Forward function, in which they take their input   * (bottom) Blob%s (if any) and compute their output Blob%s (if any).   * They may also implement a Backward function, in which they compute the error   * gradients with respect to their input Blob%s, given the error gradients with   * their output Blob%s.   */    template <typename Dtype>    class Layer {     public:    /*  首先获得当前网络的Phase,是train还是test,在初始化列表初始化LayerParameter,之后blobs_这里存放的是一个指向blob类的shared_ptr指针的一个vector,在这里是申请空间,然后将传入的layer_param中的blob拷贝过来。  */    // 显示的构造函数不需要重写,任何初始工作在SetUp()中完成    // 构造方法只复制层参数说明的值,如果层说明参数中提供了权值和偏置参数,也复制      explicit Layer(const LayerParameter& param)        : layer_param_(param) {          // Set phase and copy blobs (if there are any).    // 训练还是测试?phase            phase_ = param.phase();          if (layer_param_.blobs_size() > 0) {    // 将blobs_的大小设置为参数中的大小              blobs_.resize(layer_param_.blobs_size());            for (int i = 0; i < layer_param_.blobs_size(); ++i) {    // 新建若干个Blob               blobs_[i].reset(new Blob<Dtype>());    // 从blob文件中获取数据              blobs_[i]->FromProto(layer_param_.blobs(i));            }          }//用protobuf 传入的参数对blobs_ 做初始化,blobs_ 是一个vector 存放指向Blob类的智能指针。          #ifdef USE_MPI          //If this is a gather layer, all it subsequent layer doesn't need gradient sync.          //We will only change itself's property here,          //subsequent layers will be inferred in the Net        if (is_gathering()){            set_need_sync(false);          }else{            set_need_sync(true);          }          #endif        }      virtual ~Layer() {}    ////////////////初始化函数SetUp,每个Layer对象都必须遵循固定的调用模式,      /**     * @brief Implements common layer setup functionality.     * @brief 实现每个layer对象的setup函数     * @param bottom the preshaped input blobs     * @param bottom 层的输入数据,blob中的存储空间已申请     * @param top     *     the allocated but unshaped output blobs, to be shaped by Reshape     * @param top 层的输出数据,blob对象以构造但是其中的存储空间未申请,     *     具体空间大小需根据bottom blob大小和layer_param_共同决定,具体在Reshape函数现实     *     * Checks that the number of bottom and top blobs is correct.     * Calls LayerSetUp to do special layer setup for individual layer types,     * followed by Reshape to set up sizes of top blobs and internal buffers.     * Sets up the loss weight multiplier blobs for any non-zero loss weights.     * This method may not be overridden.     * 1. 检查输入输出blob个数是否满足要求,每个层能处理的输入输出数据不一样     * 2. 调用LayerSetUp函数初始化特殊的层,每个Layer子类需重写这个函数完成定制的初始化     * 3. 调用Reshape函数为top blob分配合适大小的存储空间     * 4. 为每个top blob设置损失权重乘子,非LossLayer为的top blob其值为零     *     * 此方法非虚函数,不用重写,模式固定     */      void SetUp(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {        CheckBlobCounts(bottom, top);        LayerSetUp(bottom, top);        Reshape(bottom, top);        SetLossWeights(top);      }    /////////////////每个子类Layer必须重写的初始化函数LayerSetUp,      /**     * @brief Does layer-specific setup: your layer should implement this function     *        as well as Reshape.     * @brief 定制初始化,每个子类layer必须实现此虚函数     *     * @param bottom     *     the preshaped input blobs, whose data fields store the input data for     *     this layer     * @param bottom     *     输入blob, 数据成员data_和diff_存储了相关数据     * @param top     *     the allocated but unshaped output blobs     * @param top     *     输出blob, blob对象已构造但数据成员的空间尚未申请     *     * This method should do one-time layer specific setup. This includes reading     * and processing relevent parameters from the <code>layer_param_</code>.     * Setting up the shapes of top blobs and internal buffers should be done in     * <code>Reshape</code>, which will be called before the forward pass to     * adjust the top blob sizes.     * 此方法执行一次定制化的层初始化,包括从layer_param_读入并处理相关的层权值和偏置参数,     * 调用Reshape函数申请top blob的存储空间     */      virtual void LayerSetUp(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {}    /////////////////////每个子类Layer必须重写的Reshape函数,完成top blob形状的设置并为其分配存储空间,       /**     * @brief Adjust the shapes of top blobs and internal buffers to accomodate     *        the shapes of the bottom blobs.     * @brief 根据bottom blob的形状和layer_param_计算top blob的形状并为其分配存储空间     *     * @param bottom the input blobs, with the requested input shapes     * @param top the top blobs, which should be reshaped as needed     *     * This method should reshape top blobs as needed according to the shapes     * of the bottom (input) blobs, as well as reshaping any internal buffers     * and making any other necessary adjustments so that the layer can     * accomodate the bottom blobs.     */      virtual void Reshape(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) = 0;      /**     * @brief Given the bottom blobs, compute the top blobs and the loss.     *     * @param bottom     *     the input blobs, whose data fields store the input data for this layer     * @param top     *     the preshaped output blobs, whose data fields will store this layers'     *     outputs     * \return The total loss from the layer.     *     * The Forward wrapper calls the relevant device wrapper function     * (Forward_cpu or Forward_gpu) to compute the top blob values given the     * bottom blobs.  If the layer has any non-zero loss_weights, the wrapper     * then computes and returns the loss.     *     * Your layer should implement Forward_cpu and (optionally) Forward_gpu.     */    //////////////前向传播函数Forward和反向传播函数Backward    /*  首先是Forward.这其实是一个装饰器,继承之后在调用的调用其相应的forward_cpu或者forward_gpu,根据输入的input data blob计算相应的output data blob,同时会反应这一层layer的total loss.  */      inline Dtype Forward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top);      /**     * @brief Given the top blob error gradients, compute the bottom blob error     *        gradients.     *     * @param top     *     the output blobs, whose diff fields store the gradient of the error     *     with respect to themselves     * @param propagate_down     *     a vector with equal length to bottom, with each index indicating     *     whether to propagate the error gradients down to the bottom blob at     *     the corresponding index     * @param bottom     *     the input blobs, whose diff fields will store the gradient of the error     *     with respect to themselves after Backward is run     *     * The Backward wrapper calls the relevant device wrapper function     * (Backward_cpu or Backward_gpu) to compute the bottom blob diffs given the     * top blob diffs.     *     * Your layer should implement Forward_cpu and (optionally) Forward_gpu.     */    /*  BackWard,实现的是反向传播,也就是给定top blob额error gradient 计算得到bottom的error gradient。其输入时 output blobs ,在Ouput blobs里面的diff存储的就是其相应的error gradients。其中propagate_down这个参数跟Bottom的长度是一样的,每一个Index用来指定是否需要反向传播error gradients 到对应的bottom blob。而bottom 这里面的diff 区域存放的就是BackWard计算出来相应的gradient error.  */      inline void Backward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,          const vector<bool>& propagate_down,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom);      /**     * @brief Returns the vector of learnable parameter blobs.     */      vector<shared_ptr<Blob<Dtype> > >& blobs() {        return blobs_;//返回vector  blobs_      }      /**     * @brief Returns the layer parameter.     */    //返回layer parameter      const LayerParameter& layer_param() const { return layer_param_; }      /**     * @brief Writes the layer parameter to a protocol buffer     */    //将layer plarameter 写入protobuf      virtual void ToProto(LayerParameter* param, bool write_diff = false);    //返回 ,设置一个blob top 在给定 index 的 loss      /**     * @brief Returns the scalar loss associated with a top blob at a given index.     */      inline Dtype loss(const int top_index) const {        return (loss_.size() > top_index) ? loss_[top_index] : Dtype(0);      }      /**     * @brief Sets the loss associated with a top blob at a given index.     */      inline void set_loss(const int top_index, const Dtype value) {        if (loss_.size() <= top_index) {          loss_.resize(top_index + 1, Dtype(0));        }        loss_[top_index] = value;      }    //一些返回特定参数的函数:      /**     * 获得bottom或者top blob的数量状态,比较简单,看名字即可     */        // 虚函数,而且还是内联的,返回层类型        virtual inline const char* type() const { return ""; }         // 虚函数,获得bottom blob的精确个数        virtual inline int ExactNumBottomBlobs() const { return -1; }         // 虚函数,获得bottom blob的最小个数        virtual inline int MinBottomBlobs() const { return -1; }         // 虚函数,获得bottom blob的最大个数        virtual inline int MaxBottomBlobs() const { return -1; }         // 虚函数,获得top blob的精确个数        virtual inline int ExactNumTopBlobs() const { return -1; }         // 虚函数,获得top blob的最小个数        virtual inline int MinTopBlobs() const { return -1; }         // 虚函数,获得top blob的最大个数        virtual inline int MaxTopBlobs() const { return -1; }         // 虚函数,bottom blob和top blob的个数是否一致        virtual inline bool EqualNumBottomTopBlobs() const { return false; }         // 返回当前层是否自动创建匿名top blobs         // 如果返回true,表明网络初始化的时候创建了了足够多的匿名top blobs         // 来满足ExactNumTopBlobs或者MinTopBlobs所要求的top blobs的个数        virtual inline bool AutoTopBlobs() const { return false; }      /*  AllowforceBackward用来设置是否强制梯度返回,因为有些层其实不需要梯度信息 ,后面两个函数分别查看以及设置是是否需要计算梯度。  */         // 对于一个给定的bottom blob,返回是否允许强制反传        virtual inline bool AllowForceBackward(const int bottom_index) const {          return true;        }      //set_param_propagate_down,param_propagate_down 函数:设置对于那些bottom 需要反向传播。      /**     * @brief Specifies whether the layer should compute gradients w.r.t. a     *        parameter at a particular index given by param_id.     *     * You can safely ignore false values and always compute gradients     * for all parameters, but possibly with wasteful computation.     */      inline bool param_propagate_down(const int param_id) {        return (param_propagate_down_.size() > param_id) ?            param_propagate_down_[param_id] : false;      }      /**     * @brief Sets whether the layer should compute gradients w.r.t. a     *        parameter at a particular index given by param_id.     */      inline void set_param_propagate_down(const int param_id, const bool value) {        if (param_propagate_down_.size() <= param_id) {          param_propagate_down_.resize(param_id + 1, true);        }        param_propagate_down_[param_id] = value;      }      #ifdef USE_MPI      /**     * @brief Checks whether the layer accepts specifed parallel type     *     * If not supported, will halt the program with hints     */      inline virtual bool is_gathering() {return false;}      inline virtual bool is_scattering() {return false;}      inline bool need_sync(){return need_sync_;}      inline void set_need_sync(bool val){need_sync_ = val;}      #endif    protected:      /** The protobuf that stores the layer parameters */      // 层说明参数,从protocal buffers格式的网络结构说明文件中读取      LayerParameter layer_param_;      /** The phase: TRAIN or TEST */      // 层状态,参与网络的训练还是测试      Phase phase_;      /** The vector that stores the learnable parameters as a set of blobs. */      // 层权值和偏置参数,使用向量是因为权值参数和偏置是分开保存在两个blob中的      vector<shared_ptr<Blob<Dtype> > > blobs_;      /** Vector indicating whether to compute the diff of each param blob. */      // 标志每个top blob是否需要计算反向传递的梯度值      vector<bool> param_propagate_down_;      /** The vector that indicates whether each top blob has a non-zero weight in     *  the objective function. */      // 非LossLayer为零,LossLayer中表示每个top blob计算的loss的权重      vector<Dtype> loss_;      #ifdef USE_MPI      /**     * For parallel use     */      bool need_sync_;      #endif    /////////////////////////////这两个函数非虚函数,它们内部会调用如下虚函数完成数据前向传递和    /////////////////////////////误差反向传播,根据执行环境的不同每个子类Layer必须重写CPU和GPU版本,      /** @brief Using the CPU device, compute the layer output. */      virtual void Forward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) = 0;      /**     * @brief Using the GPU device, compute the layer output.     *        Fall back to Forward_cpu() if unavailable.     */      virtual void Forward_gpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {        // LOG(WARNING) << "Using CPU code as backup.";        return Forward_cpu(bottom, top);      }      /**     * @brief Using the CPU device, compute the gradients for any parameters and     *        for the bottom blobs if propagate_down is true.     */      virtual void Backward_cpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,          const vector<bool>& propagate_down,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom) = 0;      /**     * @brief Using the GPU device, compute the gradients for any parameters and     *        for the bottom blobs if propagate_down is true.     *        Fall back to Backward_cpu() if unavailable.     */      virtual void Backward_gpu(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,          const vector<bool>& propagate_down,          const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom) {        // LOG(WARNING) << "Using CPU code as backup.";        Backward_cpu(top, propagate_down, bottom);      }      /**     * Called by the parent Layer's SetUp to check that the number of bottom     * and top Blobs provided as input match the expected numbers specified by     * the {ExactNum,Min,Max}{Bottom,Top}Blobs() functions.     */      virtual void CheckBlobCounts(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,                                   const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {        if (ExactNumBottomBlobs() >= 0) {          CHECK_EQ(ExactNumBottomBlobs(), bottom.size())              << type() << " Layer takes " << ExactNumBottomBlobs()              << " bottom blob(s) as input.";        }// 保证输入bottom 数量和要求的相同        if (MinBottomBlobs() >= 0) {          CHECK_LE(MinBottomBlobs(), bottom.size())              << type() << " Layer takes at least " << MinBottomBlobs()              << " bottom blob(s) as input.";        }//保证输入的bottom数量大于或等于要求的最小数量        if (MaxBottomBlobs() >= 0) {          CHECK_GE(MaxBottomBlobs(), bottom.size())              << type() << " Layer takes at most " << MaxBottomBlobs()              << " bottom blob(s) as input.";        }//保证输入的bottom数量小于或等于要求的最大数量        if (ExactNumTopBlobs() >= 0) {          CHECK_EQ(ExactNumTopBlobs(), top.size())              << type() << " Layer produces " << ExactNumTopBlobs()              << " top blob(s) as output.";        }// 保证输入top数量和要求的相同        if (MinTopBlobs() >= 0) {          CHECK_LE(MinTopBlobs(), top.size())              << type() << " Layer produces at least " << MinTopBlobs()              << " top blob(s) as output.";        }//保证输入的top数量大于或等于要求的最小数量        if (MaxTopBlobs() >= 0) {          CHECK_GE(MaxTopBlobs(), top.size())              << type() << " Layer produces at most " << MaxTopBlobs()              << " top blob(s) as output.";        }//保证输入的top数量小于或等于要求的最大数量        if (EqualNumBottomTopBlobs()) {          CHECK_EQ(bottom.size(), top.size())              << type() << " Layer produces one top blob as output for each "              << "bottom blob input.";        }//保证输入的bottom数量和输出的top数量相同      }      /**     * Called by SetUp to initialize the weights associated with any top blobs in     * the loss function. Store non-zero loss weights in the diff blob.     */    /*  SetLoss是非常重要的一个步骤,是被SetUp调用来初始化top bottom的weights,并且存储非零的loss weights 在diff blob里面  */      inline void SetLossWeights(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {        const int num_loss_weights = layer_param_.loss_weight_size();        if (num_loss_weights) {          CHECK_EQ(top.size(), num_loss_weights) << "loss_weight must be "              "unspecified or specified once per top blob.";          for (int top_id = 0; top_id < top.size(); ++top_id) {            const Dtype loss_weight = layer_param_.loss_weight(top_id);            if (loss_weight == Dtype(0)) { continue; }//如果为0不对loss进行操作            this->set_loss(top_id, loss_weight);            const int count = top[top_id]->count();            Dtype* loss_multiplier = top[top_id]->mutable_cpu_diff();            caffe_set(count, loss_weight, loss_multiplier);//将loss_multiplier设为loss_weight          }         }      }      DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Layer);    };  // class Layer    /*  前传调用对应的Forward_cpu或者Forward_gpu而我们知道Forward_cpu是纯虚函数,必须要实而Forward_gpu是虚函数,如果不实现就调用 Forward_cpu函数了。前传(你必须实现自己的Forward_cpu,实现Forward_gpu是可选的)  */    // Forward and backward wrappers. You should implement the cpu and    // gpu specific implementations instead, and should not change these    // functions.    template <typename Dtype>    inline Dtype Layer<Dtype>::Forward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom,        const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top) {      Dtype loss = 0;        // 根据bottom设置top的形状        Reshape(bottom, top);        // 设置运行模式CPU or GPU        switch (Caffe::mode()) {        case Caffe::CPU:          // 调用CPU的前传          Forward_cpu(bottom, top);          // 前传计算完之后计算损失(只有最后一层才进行计算,其余层都不用)          for (int top_id = 0; top_id < top.size(); ++top_id) {            if (!this->loss(top_id)) { continue; }            const int count = top[top_id]->count();            // 获取前传的数据            const Dtype* data = top[top_id]->cpu_data();            // 获取梯度(\frac{\partial Loss}{\partial net})            const Dtype* loss_weights = top[top_id]->cpu_diff();            // data与loss_weight的点积,即得损失函数关于当前层权重的偏导了          // \frac{\partial Loss}{\partial net} * \frac{\partial net}{\frac{W}}          // = \frac{\partial Loss}{\partial W}            loss += caffe_cpu_dot(count, data, loss_weights);          }          break;        case Caffe::GPU:          // GPU前传          Forward_gpu(bottom, top);      #ifndef CPU_ONLY          // 同上,只不过这里用GPU来计算点积了          for (int top_id = 0; top_id < top.size(); ++top_id) {            if (!this->loss(top_id)) { continue; }            const int count = top[top_id]->count();            // 获取GPU上的数据            const Dtype* data = top[top_id]->gpu_data();            const Dtype* loss_weights = top[top_id]->gpu_diff();            Dtype blob_loss = 0;            caffe_gpu_dot(count, data, loss_weights, &blob_loss);            loss += blob_loss;          }      #endif          break;      default:        LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown caffe mode.";      }      return loss;    }    template <typename Dtype>    inline void Layer<Dtype>::Backward(const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& top,        const vector<bool>& propagate_down,        const vector<Blob<Dtype>*>& bottom) {      switch (Caffe::mode()) {      case Caffe::CPU:        Backward_cpu(top, propagate_down, bottom);    //根据blob top 的error 梯度(diff)计算bottom 的 error 梯度。 propagate_down 是长度     //和bottom 相同的vector ,用于控制是否需要对对应的bottom 元素传播梯度。具体layer具体定义。        break;      case Caffe::GPU:        Backward_gpu(top, propagate_down, bottom);        break;      default:        LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown caffe mode.";      }    }    ////////////////Layer的序列化函数,将layer的层说明参数layer_param_,层权值和偏置    ////////////////参数blobs_复制到LayerParameter对象,便于写到磁盘,    // Serialize LayerParameter to protocol buffer    template <typename Dtype>    void Layer<Dtype>::ToProto(LayerParameter* param, bool write_diff) {      param->Clear();      param->CopyFrom(layer_param_); // 复制层说明参数layer_param_      param->clear_blobs();      // 复制层权值和偏置参数blobs_      for (int i = 0; i < blobs_.size(); ++i) {        blobs_[i]->ToProto(param->add_blobs(), write_diff);      }    }    }  // namespace caffe    #endif  // CAFFE_LAYER_H_    

在caffe.proto文件中,主要有一个message是与layer相关的,如下:

enum Phase { // layer状态:train、test     TRAIN = 0;     TEST = 1;  }  // NOTE  // Update the next available ID when you add a new LayerParameter field.  //  // LayerParameter next available layer-specific ID: 137 (last added: reduction_param)  message LayerParameter { // Layer参数    optional string name = 1; // the layer name, layer名字,可由自己任意制定    optional string type = 2; // the layer type, layer类型,在具体层中写定,可以通过type()函数获得    repeated string bottom = 3; // the name of each bottom blob, bottom名字,可有多个    repeated string top = 4; // the name of each top blob,top名字,可有多个    // The train / test phase for computation.    optional Phase phase = 10; // layer状态:enum Phase {TRAIN = 0; TEST = 1;}    // The amount of weight to assign each top blob in the objective.    // Each layer assigns a default value, usually of either 0 or 1,    // to each top blob.    repeated float loss_weight = 5; // 个数必须与top blob一致    // Specifies training parameters (multipliers on global learning constants,    // and the name and other settings used for weight sharing).    repeated ParamSpec param = 6; // train时用到的参数    // The blobs containing the numeric parameters of the layer.    repeated BlobProto blobs = 7; // blobs个数    // Specifies on which bottoms the backpropagation should be skipped.    // The size must be either 0 or equal to the number of bottoms.    repeated bool propagate_down = 11; // 长度或者是0或者与bottoms个数一致    // Rules controlling whether and when a layer is included in the network,    // based on the current NetState.  You may specify a non-zero number of rules    // to include OR exclude, but not both.  If no include or exclude rules are    // specified, the layer is always included.  If the current NetState meets    // ANY (i.e., one or more) of the specified rules, the layer is    // included/excluded.    repeated NetStateRule include = 8; // net state rule    repeated NetStateRule exclude = 9; // net state rule    // Parameters for data pre-processing.    optional TransformationParameter transform_param = 100; // 对data进行预处理包括缩放、剪切等    // Parameters shared by loss layers.    optional LossParameter loss_param = 101; // loss parameters    // Layer type-specific parameters.    //    // Note: certain layers may have more than one computational engine    // for their implementation. These layers include an Engine type and    // engine parameter for selecting the implementation.    // The default for the engine is set by the ENGINE switch at compile-time.    // 具体layer参数    optional AccuracyParameter accuracy_param = 102;    optional ArgMaxParameter argmax_param = 103;    optional ConcatParameter concat_param = 104;    optional ContrastiveLossParameter contrastive_loss_param = 105;    optional ConvolutionParameter convolution_param = 106;    optional DataParameter data_param = 107;    optional DropoutParameter dropout_param = 108;    optional DummyDataParameter dummy_data_param = 109;    optional EltwiseParameter eltwise_param = 110;    optional ExpParameter exp_param = 111;    optional FlattenParameter flatten_param = 135;    optional HDF5DataParameter hdf5_data_param = 112;    optional HDF5OutputParameter hdf5_output_param = 113;    optional HingeLossParameter hinge_loss_param = 114;    optional ImageDataParameter image_data_param = 115;    optional InfogainLossParameter infogain_loss_param = 116;    optional InnerProductParameter inner_product_param = 117;    optional LogParameter log_param = 134;    optional LRNParameter lrn_param = 118;    optional MemoryDataParameter memory_data_param = 119;    optional MVNParameter mvn_param = 120;    optional PoolingParameter pooling_param = 121;    optional PowerParameter power_param = 122;    optional PReLUParameter prelu_param = 131;    optional PythonParameter python_param = 130;    optional ReductionParameter reduction_param = 136;    optional ReLUParameter relu_param = 123;    optional ReshapeParameter reshape_param = 133;    optional SigmoidParameter sigmoid_param = 124;    optional SoftmaxParameter softmax_param = 125;    optional SPPParameter spp_param = 132;    optional SliceParameter slice_param = 126;    optional TanHParameter tanh_param = 127;    optional ThresholdParameter threshold_param = 128;    optional WindowDataParameter window_data_param = 129;  }  

参考:
http://blog.csdn.net/langb2014/article/details/50988275
http://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/60871052
Caffe官方教程中译本_CaffeCN社区翻译(caffecn.cn)

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