C# 基本特性

最近要改C++的东西到C#上，它的委托了特性感觉很好的利用了装饰模式和函数指针的优点，非常值得深入学习，Mark基本特性以便查阅

 1: #define DoTrace

 2: using System;

 3: using System.Collections.Generic;

 4: using System.Linq;

 5: using System.Text;

 6: using System.Reflection;

 7: using System.Diagnostics;

 8: using System.Collections;

 9: using System.IO;

 10:  

 11: using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

 12: using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;

 13: using System.Xml.Serialization;

 14: using System.Xml;

 15: using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

 16:  

 17:  

 18: 

 19: 

 22: 

 23:  

 24: namespace First_C_Sharp

 25: {

 26: 

 27: 

 48: 

 49: 

 50: 

 56: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method|AttributeTargets.Class,

 57: Inherited = false,

 58: AllowMultiple = false)] //限制属性只能引用在方法和类上,并且特性不会被装饰类的派生类继承，不能有MyAttribute的多个实例应用到同一个目标上

 59: public sealed class MyAttributeAttribute : System.Attribute

 60: {

 61: public string Description;

 62: public string ver;

 63: public string Reviewer;

 64:  

 65: public MyAttributeAttribute(string desc) //一个位置参数

 66: {

 67: Description = desc;

 68: Console.WriteLine("Using Attribute Class:{0}", Description);

 69: }

 70:  

 71: }//MyAttributeAttribute Class

 72:  

 73: [MyAttribute("This is a Attribute Class test Class", Reviewer = "Lucy Liu", ver = "1.0Beta")]

 74: class attributeTestClass

 75: {

 76: public void writeDescription()

 77: {

 78: Console.WriteLine("-----MyAttribute Class Testing----");

 79: }

 80: }

 81:  

 82:  

 83: 

 84: 

 90: 

 91: public class dllIMportClass

 92: {

 93:  

 94: [DllImportAttribute("CDll_for_DLLImport.dll")]

 95: public static extern int sampleMethod(int i);

 96:  

 97: }//dllImportClass

 98: 

 99: 

 100: 

 120: [Serializable]

 121: public class Book

 122: {

 123: public string strBookName;

 124: [NonSerialized]

 125: public string strBookPwd;

 126:  

 127: private string _bookID;

 128: public string BookID

 129: {

 130: get { return _bookID; }

 131: set { _bookID = value; }

 132: }

 133: 

 134: public ArrayList alBookReader;

 135:  

 136: private String _bookPrice;

 137: public void SetBookPrice(String price)

 138: {

 139: _bookPrice = price;

 140: }

 141:  

 142: public Book()

 143: {

 144: alBookReader = new ArrayList();

 145: }

 146:  

 147: public void Write()

 148: {

 149: Console.WriteLine("Book ID:" + BookID);

 150: Console.WriteLine("Book Name" + strBookName);

 151: Console.WriteLine("Book Password:" + strBookPwd);

 152: Console.WriteLine("Book Price" + _bookPrice);

 153: Console.WriteLine("Book Reader");

 154: for(int i = 0; i

 155: {

 156: Console.WriteLine(alBookReader[i]);

 157: }

 158: }

 159: }

 160:  

 161: public class BinarySerialize

 162: {

 163: string strFile = "c:book.binary";

 164:  

 165: public void Serialize(Book book)

 166: {

 167: using(FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Create))

 168: {

 169: BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

 170: formatter.Serialize(fs, book);

 171: }

 172: Console.WriteLine("Binary Serialize Success");

 173: }

 174:  

 175: public Book DeSerialize()

 176: {

 177: Book book;

 178: using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Open))

 179: {

 180: BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

 181: book = (Book)formatter.Deserialize(fs);

 182: }

 183: Console.WriteLine("Binary Deseiralize Success");

 184: return book;

 185: }

 186: }//BinarySerialize

 187:  

 188: public class SoapSerialize

 189: {

 190: string strFile = "c:book.soap";

 191:  

 192: public void Serialize(Book book)

 193: {

 194: using(FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Create))

 195: {

 196: SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();

 197:  

 198: formatter.Serialize(fs, book);

 199:  

 200: Console.WriteLine("Soap Serialize Success");

 201: }

 202: }

 203:  

 204: public Book DeSerialize()

 205: {

 206: Book book;

 207: using(FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Open))

 208: {

 209: SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();

 210: book = (Book)formatter.Deserialize(fs);

 211: }

 212: Console.WriteLine("Soap Deserialize Success");

 213: return book;

 214: }

 215: }//SerializeSoap

 216:  

 217: public class XmlSerialize

 218: {

 219: string strFile = "c:book.xml";

 220:  

 221: public void Serialize(Book book)

 222: {

 223: using(FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Create))

 224: {

 225: XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book));

 226: formatter.Serialize(fs, book);

 227:  

 228: Console.WriteLine("XML Serialize Success");

 229: }

 230: }

 231:  

 232: public Book DeSerialize()

 233: {

 234: Book book;

 235: using(FileStream fs= new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Open))

 236: {

 237: XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book));

 238: book = (Book)formatter.Deserialize(fs);

 239: }

 240: Console.WriteLine("XML Deserialize Success");

 241: return book;

 242: }

 243: }//SeiralizeXML

 244:  

 245: class Test_Reflection

 246: {

 247: 

 248: 

 251: 

 252:  

 253: [Obsolete("Use method SuperPrintOut")] //将特性应用到方法

 254: static void PrintOut(string str)

 255: {

 256: Console.WriteLine(str);

 257: }

 258:  

 259: [Conditional("DoTrace")]

 260: static void TraceMessage(string str)

 261: {

 262: Console.WriteLine(str);

 263: }

 264:  

 265: 

 266: 

 271: 

 272: static void Main(string[] args)

 273: {

 274: //Absolete Test

 275: PrintOut("Start of Main");

 276:  

 277: //Conditional Test

 278: TraceMessage("Test Conditional ");

 279: TraceMessage("Test Conditional Again");

 280: 

 281: //Serialize Test

 282: Book book = new Book();

 283: book.BookID ="1";

 284: book.alBookReader.Add("gspring");

 285: book.alBookReader.Add("Lucy");

 286: book.strBookName = "C#Plus";

 287: book.strBookPwd = "*****";

 288: book.SetBookPrice("30.00");

 289:  

 290: BinarySerialize bs = new BinarySerialize();

 291: SoapSerialize ss = new SoapSerialize();

 292: XmlSerialize xs = new XmlSerialize();

 293:  

 294: bs.Serialize(book);

 295: ss.Serialize(book);

 296: xs.Serialize(book);

 297:  

 298: Book rebook = bs.DeSerialize();

 299: rebook.Write();

 300: rebook = ss.DeSerialize();

 301: rebook.Write();

 302: rebook = xs.DeSerialize(); //xml 只能序列化public

 303: rebook.Write();

 304:  

 305: //DllImport Test

 306: Console.WriteLine("DllImport Test, The Return Value is :{0}", dllIMportClass.sampleMethod(5));

 307: 

 308: //MyAttribute Test

 309: attributeTestClass atc = new attributeTestClass();

 310: //可用isDefined方法查看特性是否应用到了某个类上

 311: Type t = atc.GetType();

 312: bool isDefined = t.IsDefined(typeof(MyAttributeAttribute), false);

 313: if (isDefined)

 314: Console.WriteLine("MyAttributeAttribute is applied to {0}", atc.GetType().Name);

 315: //可用GetCustomAttribute方法返回应用到结构上的特性数组，实际返回了Object数组，所以需要将其强制转换为特性类型

 316: object[] attrArr = t.GetCustomAttributes(false);

 317: foreach(Attribute a in attrArr)

 318: {

 319: MyAttributeAttribute attr = a as MyAttributeAttribute;

 320: if( null!=attr )

 321: {

 322: Console.WriteLine("Description:{0}", attr.Description );

 323: Console.WriteLine("Version Number:{0}", attr.ver);

 324: Console.WriteLine("Reviewer ID:{0}", attr.Reviewer);

 325: }

 326: }

 327:  

 328: Console.ReadLine();

 329: }

 330: }

 331: }