API之子窗口创建

 

子窗口的创建非常非常重要

步骤：1、新建窗口类，在窗口类中指名对应的自定义的窗口过程。窗口类类名要唯一，它     

         是各窗口类相互区别的标识。注意，类名或为静态变量，或为全局变量，因为程

         序随时都用他们。

      2、创建窗体时，指定其风格之一为WS_CHILD, 指定其父窗口句柄，得到父窗体实

         例句柄，并赋给子窗体。

      3、在主窗体的create消息中，创建0尺寸的子窗体，主窗体的size消息中，利用

        movewindow函数，重设窗体大小，重置窗体位置。

实例为CTRL002,CTRL003

实例CTRL001单击按钮显示对应文字

子窗口向父窗口发送消息

CreateWindow呼叫使用下面这些参数：

Class name（类别名称）

Window text（窗口文字）

Window style（窗口样式）

x position（x位置）

y position（y位置）

Width（宽度）

Height（高度）

Parent window（父窗口）

Child window ID（子窗口ID）

Instance handle（执行实体句柄

）Extra parameters（附加参数）

TEXT ("button")

button[i].szText

WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|button[i].iStyle

cxChar

cyChar * (1 + 2 * i)

20 * xChar

7 * cyChar / 4

hwnd

(HMENU)i

((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam) -> hInstance

NULL

 

 

说明：从WM_COMMAND区别出单击了哪个按钮。通过子窗口的ID号来区分。每个子窗口在创建时，就已经分配了一个唯一的ID号。ID号包含在WM_COMMAND消息中wParam的低字节位。用LOWORD()宏来获取ID。

      “用鼠标单击按钮时，子窗口控制就向其父窗口发送一个WM_COMMAND消息。...捕获WM_COMMAND消息....”

       “LOWORD(wParam)   子窗口ID

         HIWORD(wParam)    通知码

         lParam              子窗口句柄”

 

#include <windows.h>int iFlag=1;//记录被单击按钮的ID//定义一个按钮类型结构体，方便创建按钮,提高代码复用率struct{ int iStyle ; TCHAR * szText ;}button[] ={ BS_PUSHBUTTON, TEXT ("PUSHBUTTON"), BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON, TEXT ("DEFPUSHBUTTON"), BS_CHECKBOX, TEXT ("CHECKBOX"), BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, TEXT ("AUTOCHECKBOX"), BS_RADIOBUTTON, TEXT ("RADIOBUTTON"), BS_3STATE, TEXT ("3STATE"), BS_AUTO3STATE, TEXT ("AUTO3STATE"), BS_GROUPBOX, TEXT ("GROUPBOX"), BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, TEXT ("AUTORADIO"), BS_OWNERDRAW, TEXT ("OWNERDRAW")} ;#define NUM (sizeof button / sizeof button[0])LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow){ static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("BtnLook") ; HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Button Look"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ;}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ static HWND hwndButton[NUM] ;//句柄是一个数值，所以可以定义成数组形式 static int cxChar, cyChar ; int iLength=0; int i ; HDC hdc ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE : cxChar = LOWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ; cyChar = HIWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ; //得用 button[] ,简化创建一系列按钮过程,这就是编辑的艺术 for (i = 0 ; i < NUM-1 ; i++) hwndButton[i] = CreateWindow ( TEXT("button"), button[i].szText, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | button[i].iStyle, cxChar, cyChar * (1 + 2 * i), 20 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4, hwnd, (HMENU) i, ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, NULL) ; //((HMENU) i)，为子窗口指定唯一的ID号。按钮是子窗口的一种。该参数通常用于指定程序的菜单，因此子窗口ID必须被强制转换为HMENU /* hwndButton[9] = CreateWindow ( TEXT("button"), button[9].szText, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | button[9].iStyle, cxChar, cyChar * (1 + 2 * 9), 20 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4, hwnd, (HMENU) 9, ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, NULL) ; *这种按钮，会不断地触发WM_COMMAND消息，不断地调用WM_COMMAND中的InvalidateRect, 使客户区不断更新，出现闪烁现象。*/ return 0 ; case WM_PAINT : //InvalidateRect (hwnd, &rect, TRUE) ; hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; //为举例方便起见，将窗口ID号数值大小顺序设定成自定义按钮结构体的顺序 TextOut(hdc,300,200,button[iFlag].szText,lstrlen(button[iFlag].szText)); EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_DRAWITEM : case WM_COMMAND : hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; //得到子窗口的ID号 iFlag=LOWORD(wParam);//LOWORD=LOW WORD,HIWORD=HIGH WORD ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;//使客户区失效，发出WM_PAINT消息,导致重绘发生 return 0; case WM_DESTROY : PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;}

 

 

实例CTRL002 利用多个静态窗体绘制棋盘

说明：1、窗体类别必需是static类，否则程序不能生成静态窗体

      2、利用GetWindowLong得到窗体实例句柄

      3、HWND是数值类型，可以定义成数组

      4、创建子窗体时，将大小设为0,以便重置

      4、利用movewidow(...)函数重置静态子窗体位置

 

#include <windows.h>LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow){ static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("HelloWin") ; HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush (0) ;//将背景色设成黑色 wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, // window class name TEXT ("Chess"), // window caption WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW & ~WS_MAXIMIZEBOX & ~WS_THICKFRAME & ~ WS_MINIMIZEBOX //去除max、minbox,禁止改变窗体大小 , // window style CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size NULL, // parent window handle NULL, // window menu handle hInstance, // program instance handle NULL) ; // creation parameters ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ;}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ //////////////////// static HWND hwndRect[32]; HINSTANCE hinstance; int iw,ik,im,cxClient, cyClient ;//不能将它们定义在switch中 switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: hinstance=(HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd,GWL_HINSTANCE); //得到程序的实例 //窗体类别必需是static类，否则程序不能生成静态窗体。 for(iw=0;iw<32;iw++) { hwndRect[iw]=CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"),NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_WHITERECT, //将static 窗体背景色设成白色，好像只能设成黑/白彩色 0,0,0,0, hwnd,(HMENU)iw, hinstance, NULL ); } MoveWindow(hwnd,0,0,300,300,TRUE); return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: //MoveWindow(hwnd,0,0,400,400,TRUE); cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;//得到客户区宽度 cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;//得到客户区高度 //SetRect(&rcColor,icxClient/2,0,icxClient,icyClient); /* //归纳法 for(ik=0;ik<4;ik++) //for(im=0;im<4;im++) MoveWindow (hwndRect[ik], (0%2+ik)*cxClient/4, 0, cxClient/8, cyClient/8, TRUE) ; for(ik=0;ik<4;ik++) MoveWindow (hwndRect[ik+4], (1%2)*cxClient/8+ik*cxClient/4, cyClient/8, cxClient/8, cyClient/8, TRUE) ; */ MoveWindow(hwnd,200,100,300,300,TRUE); for(ik=0;ik<4;ik++) for(im=0;im<8;im++) MoveWindow (hwndRect[ik+4*im], (im%2)*cxClient/8+ik*cxClient/4, im*cyClient/8, cxClient/8, cyClient/8, TRUE) ; return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;}

 

运行结果如下图

 

实例CTRL003利用多个子窗口制做简易五子棋#include <windows.h>LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;//主窗口过程LRESULT CALLBACK ChessWndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;//棋盘cell窗口过程TCHAR szChdChess[]=TEXT("ChessPlane");#define iRow 15#define iColumn 15int iFlag=0;int iYN[iRow][iColumn];int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow){ static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("MyCHess") ;//需用类名，故声明为静态，也可声明为全局变量 HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; //主窗口类 WNDCLASS chd_chessclass;//棋盘子窗口类 WNDCLASS chd_stateclass;//状态子窗口类，可以用wndclass类为模板，但这样写是为了明确过程，便于理解 //主窗口类 wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; //棋盘子窗口类 chd_chessclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; //创建窗体是加子(WS_CHILDWINDOW)窗体风格 chd_chessclass.lpfnWndProc = ChessWndProc ; //修改项：换成指定的窗口过程 chd_chessclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; chd_chessclass.cbWndExtra = sizeof(long) ; chd_chessclass.hInstance = hInstance ; chd_chessclass.hIcon = NULL;//修改项：不需要图标，设为NULL chd_chessclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; chd_chessclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (BLACK_BRUSH) ;//修改项：改为黑色 chd_chessclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; chd_chessclass.lpszClassName = szChdChess ;//修改项：修改类名，窗口类之间相互区分的标识 if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } RegisterClass(&chd_chessclass);//注册自定义的窗口类 hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, // window class name TEXT ("SimpleChess"), // window caption WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW& ~WS_MAXIMIZEBOX & ~WS_THICKFRAME & ~ WS_MINIMIZEBOX, // window style CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size NULL, // parent window handle NULL, // window menu handle hInstance, // program instance handle NULL) ; // creation parameters ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ;}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ //需将子窗口句柄声明为static或声明为全局变量,否则新建的窗口，在下次窗口过程调用中会丢失。 static HWND hwndChess[iRow][iColumn]; HDC hdc ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; RECT rect ; int ixclient,iyclient,ik,iw,ixtemp,iytemp; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: //创建chesscell窗体，加上子窗体风格，成为子窗体 for(ik=0;ik<iRow;ik++) for(iw=0;iw<iColumn;iw++) { hwndChess[ik][iw]=CreateWindow (szChdChess, NULL, WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE, 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU)(iw+ik*iColumn), (HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE), NULL) ; } MoveWindow(hwnd,0,0,600,600,TRUE); return 0 ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: ixclient=LOWORD(lParam); iyclient=HIWORD(lParam); ixtemp=ixclient/iRow; iytemp=iyclient/iColumn; //重设窗体大小，重置窗体位置 for(ik=0;ik<iRow;ik++) for(iw=0;iw<iColumn;iw++) { MoveWindow(hwndChess[ik][iw],ixtemp*ik,iytemp*iw,ixtemp,iytemp,TRUE);//????????? } return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;}LRESULT CALLBACK ChessWndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ HDC hdc ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; RECT rect ; HBRUSH hChdBrush,holdBrush; HBRUSH WorBBrush[2]; int in=0; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: SetWindowLong(hwnd,0,0);//很有用的函数，可以传递一些信息 return 0 ; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN : iFlag=1^iFlag;//1是黑，0是白 //iYN[ik][iw] SetWindowLong(hwnd,0,1); InvalidateRect(hwnd,NULL,TRUE);//响应单击 return 0; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; hChdBrush=CreateSolidBrush(RGB(110,110,110)); holdBrush=SelectObject(hdc,hChdBrush); GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ; //填充背景色 FillRect(hdc,&rect,hChdBrush); //画网格 MoveToEx(hdc,0,(rect.bottom-rect.top)/2,NULL); LineTo(hdc,rect.right,(rect.bottom-rect.top)/2); MoveToEx(hdc,(rect.right-rect.left)/2,0,NULL); LineTo(hdc,(rect.right-rect.left)/2,rect.bottom); //画棋子 //创建黑、白两个画刷 if(GetWindowLong(hwnd,0)) { WorBBrush[0]=CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,0,0)); WorBBrush[1]=CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255,255,255)); //画黑或白棋子 SelectObject(hdc,WorBBrush[iFlag]); Ellipse(hdc,0,0,rect.bottom,rect.right); DeleteObject(WorBBrush[0]); DeleteObject(WorBBrush[1]); } SelectObject(hdc,holdBrush); EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: DeleteObject(hChdBrush); PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;}