springMVC学习笔记

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

  <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->  <servlet>      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>      <init-param>            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>        </init-param>        <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                        <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->    <mvc:annotation-driven />        <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"             id="internalResourceViewResolver">        <!-- 前缀 -->        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />        <!-- 后缀 -->        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />    </bean></beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController {    @RequestMapping("/hello")    public String hello(){                return "hello";    }}

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

　　负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping

　　注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody

　　该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

　　 该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

@RequestParam　

　　在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

　　绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice

　　使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

    //match automatically    @RequestMapping("/person")    public String toPerson(String name,double age){        System.out.println(name+" "+age);        return "hello";    }

五、自动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person {    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public int getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(int age) {        this.age = age;    }    private String name;    private int age;    }

2.在Controller里编写方法

    //boxing automatically    @RequestMapping("/person1")    public String toPerson(Person p){        System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());        return "hello";    }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

    //the parameter was converted in initBinder    @RequestMapping("/date")    public String date(Date date){        System.out.println(date);        return "hello";    }        //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"    @InitBinder    public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){        binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),                true));    }

七、向前台传递参数

    //pass the parameters to front-end    @RequestMapping("/show")    public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){        Person p =new Person();        map.put("p", p);        p.setAge(20);        p.setName("jayjay");        return "show";    }

前台可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax调用

    //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax    @RequestMapping("/getPerson")    public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){        pw.write("hello,"+name);            }    @RequestMapping("/name")    public String sayHello(){        return "name";    }

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

          $(function(){              $("#btn").click(function(){                  $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){                      alert(data);                  });              });          });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

    //redirect     @RequestMapping("/redirect")    public String redirect(){        return "redirect:hello";    }

十、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

    <!-- upload settings -->    <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>    </bean>

3.方法代码

    @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)    public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{        MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;        MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");        String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+                "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));        fos.write(file.getBytes());        fos.flush();        fos.close();                return "hello";    }

4.前台form表单

      <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">          <input type="file" name="file"><br>          <input type="submit" value="submit">      </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 {    @RequestMapping(value="/param")    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,            @RequestParam(value="name")String name){        System.out.println(id+" "+name);        return "/hello";    }    }

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController {    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)    public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("get"+id);        return "/hello";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)    public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("post"+id);        return "/hello";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)    public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("put"+id);        return "/hello";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)    public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){        System.out.println("delete"+id);        return "/hello";    }    }

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

  <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->  <filter>      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>  </filter>  <filter-mapping>      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  </filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">        <input type="submit" value="put">    </form>        <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">        <input type="submit" value="post">    </form>        <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">        <input type="submit" value="get">    </form>        <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">        <input type="submit" value="delete">    </form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包

2.方法代码

@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController {        @ResponseBody    @RequestMapping("/user")    public  User get(){        User u = new User();        u.setId(1);        u.setName("jayjay");        u.setBirth(new Date());        return u;    }}

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

    @ExceptionHandler    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");        mv.addObject("exception", ex);        System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");        return mv;    }        @RequestMapping("/error")    public String error(){        int i = 5/0;        return "hello";    }

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice {    @ExceptionHandler    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");        mv.addObject("exception", ex);        System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");        return mv;    }}

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

    <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">        <property name="exceptionMappings">            <props>                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>            </props>        </property>    </bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    @Override    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)            throws Exception {        System.out.println("afterCompletion");    }    @Override    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,            Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {        System.out.println("postHandle");    }    @Override    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,            Object arg2) throws Exception {        System.out.println("preHandle");        return true;    }}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

    <!-- interceptor setting -->    <mvc:interceptors>        <mvc:interceptor>            <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>            <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>        </mvc:interceptor>            </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Date getBirth() {        return birth;    }    public void setBirth(Date birth) {        this.birth = birth;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";    }        private int id;    @NotEmpty    private String name;    @Past    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")    private Date birth;}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

    <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">        id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>        name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>        birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>        <input type="submit" value="submit">    </form:form> 

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController {    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)        public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){                        return "addUser";        }        return "showUser";    }        @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)    public String add(Map<String,Object> map){        map.put("user",new User());        return "addUser";    }}

ps:

　　1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

　　3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

    <!-- configure the locale resource -->    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">        <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>    </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user namepassword=password

创建一个locale.jsp

  <body>    <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>    <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>  </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

    <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->    <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

2.User实体类

public class User {    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Date getBirth() {        return birth;    }    public void setBirth(Date birth) {        this.birth = birth;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";    }        private int id;    @NotEmpty    private String name;    @Past    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")    private Date birth;}

3.UserService类

@Componentpublic class UserService {    public UserService(){        System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");    }        public void save(){        System.out.println("save");    }}

4.UserController

@Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController {    @Autowired    private UserService userService;        @RequestMapping("/user")    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){        System.out.println(u);        userService.save();        return "hello";    }}

5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd        "        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"            >    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>            </context:component-scan>    </beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

  <!-- configure the springIOC -->  <listener>      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener>  <context-param>      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>      <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>  </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">        <context:include-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>        <context:include-filter type="annotation"             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>    </context:component-scan>

 

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

十九、SpringMVC运行原理

 

1. 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查询一个或多个HandlerMapping，找到处理请求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller
4. Controller调用业务逻辑处理后，返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查询一个或多个ViewResoler视图解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的视图
6. 视图负责将结果显示到客户端

 

二十、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。