Maven的使用

<localRepository>F:\RepMaven</localRepository>

3.第一个Maven工程
①目录结构
Hello
|---src
|---|---main
|---|---|---java
|---|---|---resources
|---|---test
|---|---|---java
|---|---|---resources
|---pom.xml

②POM文件内容<?xml version="1.0" ?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId><artifactId>Hello</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>Hello</name>  <dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.0</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>

1.解压部署Maven核心程序①检查JAVA_HOME环境变量C:\Windows\System32>echo %JAVA_HOME%D:\DevInstall\jdk1.7.0_07②解压Maven的核心程序将apache-maven-3.2.2-bin.zip解压到一个非中文无空格的目录下。例如：D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2③配置环境变量M2_HOME D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2pathD:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2\bin④查看Maven版本信息验证安装是否正确C:\Windows\System32>mvn -vApache Maven 3.2.2 (45f7c06d68e745d05611f7fd14efb6594181933e; 2014-06-17T21:51:42+08:00)Maven home: D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2\bin\..Java version: 1.7.0_07, vendor: Oracle CorporationJava home: D:\DevInstall\jdk1.7.0_07\jreDefault locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: GBKOS name: "windows 7", version: "6.1", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"2.修改本地仓库①默认本地仓库位置：~\.m2\repository~表示当前用户的家目录，例如：C:\Users\[你当前登录系统的用户名]②指定本地仓库位置的配置信息文件：apache-maven-3.2.2\conf\settings.xml③在根标签settings下添加如下内容：<localRepository>[本地仓库路径，也就是RepMaven.zip的解压目录]</localRepository>3.第一个Maven工程①目录结构Hello|---src|---|---main|---|---|---java|---|---|---resources|---|---test|---|---|---java|---|---|---resources|---pom.xml②POM文件内容<?xml version="1.0" ?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId><artifactId>Hello</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>Hello</name>  <dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.0</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>③编写主程序代码在src/main/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建文件Hello.java，内容如下package com.atguigu.maven;public class Hello {public String sayHello(String name){return "Hello "+name+"!";}}④编写测试代码在/src/test/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建测试文件HelloTest.javapackage com.atguigu.maven;import org.junit.Test;import static junit.framework.Assert.*;public class HelloTest {@Testpublic void testHello(){Hello hello = new Hello();String results = hello.sayHello("litingwei");assertEquals("Hello litingwei!",results);}}⑤运行几个基本的Maven命令mvn compile编译mvn clean清理mvn test测试mvn package打包※注意：运行Maven命令时一定要进入pom.xml文件所在的目录！4.第二个Maven工程①工程名：HelloFriend②目录结构与第一个Maven工程相同③POM文件<?xml version="1.0" ?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId><artifactId>HelloFriend</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>HelloFriend</name><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.0</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId><artifactId>Hello</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>④主程序：在src/main/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建文件HelloFriend.javapackage com.atguigu.maven;import com.atguigu.maven.Hello;public class HelloFriend {public String sayHelloToFriend(String name){Hello hello = new Hello();String str = hello.sayHello(name)+" I am "+this.getMyName();System.out.println(str);return str;}public String getMyName(){return "John";}}⑤测试程序：在/src/test/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建测试文件HelloFriendTest.javapackage com.atguigu.maven;import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;import org.junit.Test;import com.atguigu.maven.Hello;public class HelloFriendTest {@Testpublic void testHelloFriend(){HelloFriend helloFriend = new HelloFriend();String results = helloFriend.sayHelloToFriend("litingwei");assertEquals("Hello litingwei! I am John",results);}}⑥运行Maven命令mvn install安装5.第三个Maven工程①设置通过Maven创建的工程的JDK版本——一劳永逸[1]打开settings.xml文件[2]找到profiles标签[3]加入如下配置<profile><id>jdk-1.7</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault><jdk>1.7</jdk></activation><properties><maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target><maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion></properties></profile>②工程坐标groupId：com.atguigu.mavenArtifactId：MakeFriendsPackage：com.atguigu.maven③在src/main/java中新建类com.atguigu.maven.MakeFriendspublic String makeFriends(String name){HelloFriend friend = new HelloFriend();friend.sayHelloToFriend("litingwei");String str = "Hey,"+friend.getMyName()+" make a friend please.";System.out.println(str);return str;}④在src/test/java中新建类com.atguigu.maven.MakeFriendsTestpackage com.atguigu.maven;import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;import org.junit.Test;public class MakeFriendsTest {@Testpublic void testMakeFriends(){MakeFriends makeFriend = new MakeFriends();String str = makeFriend.makeFriends("litingwei");assertEquals("Hey,John make a friend please.",str);}}⑤添加依赖信息<dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.9</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency>    <groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>    <artifactId>HelloFriend</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <type>jar</type>    <scope>compile</scope></dependency>⑥在Eclipse环境下执行Maven命令：右击pom.xml选择run as 中的命令执行即可6.测试依赖的范围对传递性的影响①在Hello中添加对spring-core的依赖<dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency>②在HelloFriend中查看spring-core是否被加入了运行时环境③将Hello中对spring-core的依赖范围修改为test，再到HelloFriend中检查④将Hello中对spring-core的依赖范围修改为provided，再到HelloFriend中检查⑤结论：非compile范围的依赖不能传递，必须在有需要的工程中单独加入7.测试依赖原则①路径最短者优先[1]在Hello中依赖log4j-1.2.17<dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>1.2.17</version></dependency>[2]在HelloFriend中依赖log4j-1.2.14<dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>1.2.14</version></dependency>[3]查看MakeFriends中自动引入的log4j是哪个版本②路径相同时先声明者优先[1]创建OurFriends工程，依赖log4j-1.2.17[2]让MakeFriends依赖OurFriends[3]测试MakeFriends中，HelloFriend和OurFriends依赖的先后顺序和引入的log4j版本之间的关系8.创建Web工程①ServletAPI依赖<dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId><version>2.5</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency>②JSPAPI依赖<dependency><groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId><artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId><version>2.1.3-b06</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency>9.Web工程自动部署<build><finalName>AtguiguWeb</finalName><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId><artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId><version>1.2.3</version><configuration><container><containerId>tomcat6x</containerId><home>D:\DevInstall\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home></container><configuration><type>existing</type><home>D:\DevInstall\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home><!-- 如果Tomcat端口为默认值8080则不必设置该属性 --><properties><cargo.servlet.port>8989</cargo.servlet.port></properties></configuration></configuration><executions>  <execution>  <id>cargo-run</id>  <phase>install</phase>  <goals>  <goal>run</goal>  </goals>  </execution>  </executions></plugin></plugins></build>10.继承①创建Parent工程，打包方式为pom②收集所有非compile范围的依赖信息，使用dependencyManagement标签统一管理<dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.9</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement>③在各个子工程中引用父工程<parent><groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId><artifactId>Parent</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><!-- 以当前文件为基准查找父工程中pom.xml文件的相对路径 --><relativePath>../Parent/pom.xml</relativePath></parent>④删除子工程中的重复信息groupIdartifactid⑤在子工程中找到被父工程管理的依赖信息，删除版本号部分⑥在父工程中统一修改已管理的依赖信息的版本号，看是否能够控制所有子工程11.聚合在总的聚合工程中加入如下信息<modules><module>../Hello</module><module>../HelloFriend</module><module>../MakeFriends</module></modules>