python安装 pip安装 easy_install安装 setuptools安装 virtualenv安装

Python的安装：

(注意：windows下面在py的安装根目录下的Script目录下自带有，而Linux)

1. 安装必要的准备包

a、安装过程将用到gcc，方便起见，安装“Development Tools”:

yum grouplist

yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"

 

b、另外，Python安装中需要的一些依赖包:

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel

 

2. 下载安装Python2.7

        目前Python2.7的我装的版本是2.7.9。可以在下面的网站查询：

        https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

 

        2.7.11的下载链接是：

        https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tgz

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tgz

//或者用root用户安装(普通用户最好最如下):

sudo tar -zxvf /home/hadoop/Python-2.7.9.tgz -C /usr/local/

cd /usr/local/Python-2.7.9/

sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/Python-2.7.9/

sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Python-2.7.9  (将在该目录产生/bin)

sudo make && make install

 

3、安装完成后，通过运行python，可以看到版本

[root@hadoop007 Python-2.7.9]# python

Python 2.7.9 (default, Jul  2 2017, 04:42:14)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import sys

>>> sys.version

'2.7.9 (default, Jul  2 2017, 04:42:14) \n[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)]'

[hadoop@hadoop007 ~]$ python -V

Python 2.7.9

 

Pip的安装：

4.pip和easy_install的介绍：

a. easy_install和pip都是用来下载安装Python一个公共资源库PyPI

的相关资源包的，pip是easy_install的改进版，提供更好的提示信

息，删除package等功能。老版本的python中只有easy_install,没有pip。

b. easy_install 打包和发布Python包

c. pip 是包管理

 

5.安装pip

pip是python的安装工具，很多python的常用工具，都可以通过pip进行安装。

　　要安装pip，首先要安装setuptools。下面的链接可以得到相关信息，装版本是21.0.0:

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools

　　下载链接：

https://pypi.python.org/packages/ff/d4/209f4939c49e31f5524fa0027bf1c8ec3107abaf7c61fdaad704a648c281/setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz#md5=81964fdb89534118707742e6d1a1ddb4

 

　　同样的，进行安装：

tar -zxvf /home/hadoop/setuptools-21.0.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

cd /usr/local/setuptools-21.0.0

python setup.py  install

 

　安装完成后，下载pip。其信息在如下网站：

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

　　版本是8.1.1，下载链接：

https://pypi.python.org/packages/41/27/9a8d24e1b55bd8c85e4d022da2922cb206f183e2d18fee4e320c9547e751/pip-8.1.1.tar.gz#md5=6b86f11841e89c8241d689956ba99ed7

 

　　同样的，进行安装

tar -zvxf /home/hadoop/pip-8.1.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

cd /usr/local/pip-8.1.1/

python setup.py install

安装完成后，运行pip：

测试：

[root@hadoop007 pip-8.1.1]# pip

Usage:   

  pip <command> [options]

Commands:

  install                     Install packages.

  download                    Download packages.

  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.

  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.

  list                        List installed packages.

  show                        Show information about installed packages.

  search                      Search PyPI for packages.

  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.

  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.

  completion                  A helper command used for command completion

  help                        Show help for commands.

 

General Options:

  -h, --help                  Show help.

  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and

                              user configuration.

  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3

                              times.

  -V, --version               Show version and exit.

  -q, --quiet                 Give less output.

  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.

  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.

  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default

                              5 times).

  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).

  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore,

                              (w)ipe, (b)ackup.

  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or

                              any HTTPS.

  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.

  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the

                              private key and the certificate in PEM format.

  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.

  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.

  --disable-pip-version-check

                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version

                              of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.   

 

查看所有pip安装的程序：

[root@hadoop007 pip-8.1.1]# pip freeze

You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 9.0.1 is available.

You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

 

安装一个网络爬虫所需requests：

[root@hadoop007 pip-8.1.1]# pip install requests

Collecting requests

  Downloading requests-2.18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (88kB)

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 410kB/s

Collecting idna<2.6,>=2.5 (from requests)

  Downloading idna-2.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (55kB)

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 3.3MB/s

Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests)

  Downloading certifi-2017.4.17-py2.py3-none-any.whl (375kB)

    95% |██████████████████████████████▌| 358kB 433kB/s eta 0:00:0

    98% |███████████████████████████████▍| 368kB 437kB/s eta 0:00:

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 378kB 363kB/s

Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests)

  Downloading chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133kB)

    99% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 461kB/s eta 0:00:

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 415kB/s

Collecting urllib3<1.22,>=1.21.1 (from requests)

  Downloading urllib3-1.21.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (131kB)

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 327kB/s

Installing collected packages: idna, certifi, chardet, urllib3, requests

Successfully installed certifi-2017.4.17 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.5 requests-2.18.1 urllib3-1.21.1

You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 9.0.1 is available.

You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

 

更新pip的版本为最新版本pip-9.0.1：

[root@hadoop007 pip-8.1.1]# pip install --upgrade pip

Collecting pip

  Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)

    96% |██████████████████████████████▉| 1.2MB 123kB/s eta 0:00:0

    97% |███████████████████████████████| 1.2MB 109kB/s eta 0:00:0

    97% |███████████████████████████████▍| 1.2MB 98kB/s eta 0:00:0

    98% |███████████████████████████████▋| 1.2MB 113kB/s eta 0:00:

    99% |███████████████████████████████▉| 1.2MB 133kB/s eta 0:00:

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 116kB/s

Installing collected packages: pip

  Found existing installation: pip 8.1.1

    Uninstalling pip-8.1.1:

      Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.1

Successfully installed pip-9.0.1

 

Linux中Easy_install安装：

(注意：windows下面在py的安装根目录下的Script目录下自带有，而Linux)

其实我们安装好setup_tool工具就已经安装好了easy_install工具包。如果发现没有安装好，即可以使用下面的命令：

[root@hadoop007 ~]#python ez_setup.py

[root@hadoop007 ~]# easy_install --help   #测试是否安装好

 

Global options:

  --verbose (-v)  run verbosely (default)

  --quiet (-q)    run quietly (turns verbosity off)

  --dry-run (-n)  don't actually do anything

  --help (-h)     show detailed help message

  --no-user-cfg   ignore pydistutils.cfg in your home directory

 

Options for 'easy_install' command:

  --prefix                   installation prefix

  --zip-ok (-z)              install package as a zipfile

  --multi-version (-m)       make apps have to require() a version

  --upgrade (-U)             force upgrade (searches PyPI for latest versions)

  --install-dir (-d)         install package to DIR

  --script-dir (-s)          install scripts to DIR

  --exclude-scripts (-x)     Don't install scripts

  --always-copy (-a)         Copy all needed packages to install dir

  --index-url (-i)           base URL of Python Package Index

  --find-links (-f)          additional URL(s) to search for packages

  --build-directory (-b)     download/extract/build in DIR; keep the results

  --optimize (-O)            also compile with optimization: -O1 for "python -

                             O", -O2 for "python -OO", and -O0 to disable

                             [default: -O0]

  --record                   filename in which to record list of installed

                             files

  --always-unzip (-Z)        don't install as a zipfile, no matter what

  --site-dirs (-S)           list of directories where .pth files work

  --editable (-e)            Install specified packages in editable form

  --no-deps (-N)             don't install dependencies

  --allow-hosts (-H)         pattern(s) that hostnames must match

  --local-snapshots-ok (-l)  allow building eggs from local checkouts

  --version                  print version information and exit

  --no-find-links            Don't load find-links defined in packages being

                             installed

  --user                     install in user site-package

                             '/root/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages'

 

usage: easy_install [options] requirement_or_url ...

   or: easy_install --help

 

测试安装：

[root@hadoop007 ~]# easy_install bs4

Searching for bs4

Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/bs4/

Best match: bs4 0.0.1

Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/10/ed/7e8b97591f6f456174139ec089c769f89a94a1a4025fe967691de971f314/bs4-0.0.1.tar.gz#md5=fe7e51587ac3b174608f3c4f8bd893ac

Processing bs4-0.0.1.tar.gz

Writing /tmp/easy_install-lJJtAp/bs4-0.0.1/setup.cfg

Running bs4-0.0.1/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-lJJtAp/bs4-0.0.1/egg-dist-tmp-wgH9Ff

warning: install_lib: 'build/lib' does not exist -- no Python modules to install

 

zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...

Moving bs4-0.0.1-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages

Adding bs4 0.0.1 to easy-install.pth file

 

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/bs4-0.0.1-py2.7.egg

Processing dependencies for bs4

Searching for beautifulsoup4

Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/beautifulsoup4/

Best match: beautifulsoup4 4.6.0

Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/fa/8d/1d14391fdaed5abada4e0f63543fef49b8331a34ca60c88bd521bcf7f782/beautifulsoup4-4.6.0.tar.gz#md5=c17714d0f91a23b708a592cb3c697728

Processing beautifulsoup4-4.6.0.tar.gz

Writing /tmp/easy_install-cRsDNj/beautifulsoup4-4.6.0/setup.cfg

Running beautifulsoup4-4.6.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-cRsDNj/beautifulsoup4-4.6.0/egg-dist-tmp-UCsRBa

zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...

Moving beautifulsoup4-4.6.0-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages

Adding beautifulsoup4 4.6.0 to easy-install.pth file

 

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-4.6.0-py2.7.egg

Finished processing dependencies for bs4

[root@hadoop007 ~]#

 

安装virtualenv：

同一台服务器，可以有多个相同的python运行环境：如开发、测试、生产

virtualenv

active [环境目录名]激活环境

deactive [环境目录名]退出环境

 

安装：

pip install virtualenv

 

创建开发、生产、测试环境：

virtualenv /home/hadoop/dev

virtualenv /home/hadoop/test

virtualenv /home/hadoop/pro

 

切换dev环境：

source /home/hadoop/dev/bin/activate   (注意看前面多咯一个环境名)

退出dev环境：

deactivate

查看dev环境的安装包：

pip freeze  (会发现没有)

在dev中安装requests:

pip install requests

 

一个最简单的爬虫：

#新建/home/hadoop/pythoncode/demo.py

#!/usr/local/bin/python

#coding:utf8

 

import requests as req

response=req.get("http://www.baidu.com")

print response.status_code

 

执行该文件：

python ./pythoncode/demo.py