You Don't Know JS: Types & Grammar 总结

来源:互联网 发布:汤姆大叔 javascript 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/06 14:37

Types

null undefined boolean number string object symbol(es6)
除了object,都叫基本类型

用typeof来检测types:typeof NaN === 'number //truetypeof Infinity === 'number' //truetypeof undefned ==='undefined'typeof null === 'object' //truetypeof Symbol() === 'symbol' // truetypeof function a(){ /* .. */ } === "function"; // truetypeof [1,2,3] === "object"; // true//未出现的变量typeof a; // "undefined"//检验null:var a = null;(!a && typeof a === 'object');// truenull === null //true

检查全局变量 :

if (window.DEBUG) {    // ..}//安全检测(typeof x !== 'undefined') ? 

变量提升

if(false){var y}, 这种情况y也被声明了,undefined

Values

Array:

delete,删除后,剩下一个undefined,并不会改变长度

x = [1,2]  delete x[0] , x // [undefined,2]

数组的类对象表现与长度:

var a = [ ];a[0] = 1;//不算在长度里面a["foobar"] = 2;a.length;       // 1而如果是字符数字,则看作数字var a = [ ];a["13"] = 42;a.length; // 14

2.类数组(含有0:xx,1:xx..类似)转化为数组

###1function foo() {    var arr = Array.prototype.slice.call( arguments );    arr.push( "bam" );    console.log( arr );}foo( "bar", "baz" ); // ["bar","baz","bam"]###2var arr = Array.from( arguments );

Strings

1.字符串和数组有些相似,concat,indexOf,.length等

但字符串是immutable,

x = 'aa' x[0] = 'o';x// 'aa' 没变

字符串不可变的一个结果就是,任意对字符串的改变都会return a new string,

2.字符串可以借用数组的方法,join(),map

a = "foo"var c = Array.prototype.join.call( a, "-" );var d = Array.prototype.map.call( a, function(v){    return v.toUpperCase() + ".";} ).join( "" );c//f-0-0d//F.0.0

由于字符串的immutable特性,不能借用reverse()

//这样做:var c = a.split("").reverse().join("");//复杂unicode 不适用

Number

双浮点数保存

1.确定小数点后的数:toFiexed(x>=0)

var a = 42.59;a.toFixed( 0 ); // "43"a.toFixed( 1 ); // "42.6"

确定实际位数:toPrecision(x>=1)

var a = 42.59;a.toPrecision( 1 ); // "4e+1"a.toPrecision( 2 ); // "43"a.toPrecision( 3 ); // "42.6"

你可以直接用数字后接这些方法,不用用变量保存值再引用这些方法

0.21.toPrecision(1) // 0.2,

2.特例注意

// invalid syntax:42.toFixed( 3 );    // SyntaxError// these are all valid:(42).toFixed( 3 );  // "42.000"0.42.toFixed( 3 );  // "0.420"42..toFixed( 3 );   // "42.000"

3.进制转换(尽量用小写,)

0xf3; // hexadecimal for: 2430Xf3; // ditto0363; // octal for: 243//eS60o363;      // octal for: 2430O363;      // ditto0b11110011; // binary for: 2430B11110011; // dittovar x=110;  alert(x);  alert(x.toString(8));  alert(x.toString(32));  alert(x.toString(16));  //其他转十进制  var x='110';  alert(parseInt(x,2));  alert(parseInt(x,8));  alert(parseInt(x,16));  //其他转其他  //先用parseInt转成十进制再用toString转到目标进制  alert(String.fromCharCode(parseInt(141,8)))  alert(parseInt('ff',16).toString(2));   

4.小数值的不确定问题,用Number.EPSILON

0.1 + 0.2 === 0.3; // falsefunction numbersCloseEnoughToEqual(n1,n2) {    return Math.abs( n1 - n2 ) < Number.EPSILON;}var a = 0.1 + 0.2;var b = 0.3;numbersCloseEnoughToEqual( a, b );                  // truenumbersCloseEnoughToEqual( 0.0000001, 0.0000002 );  // false

5.判断是否是整数
2 === 2.00 //true,被看作整数
Number.isInteger()

Number.isInteger( 42 );     // trueNumber.isInteger( 42.000 ); // trueNumber.isInteger( 42.3 );   // falseNumber.isSafeInteger( Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER );    // trueNumber.isSafeInteger( Math.pow( 2, 53 ) );          // falseNumber.isSafeInteger( Math.pow( 2, 53 ) - 1 );      // true

6.Undefined
undefined 可以作为标识符使用,也可以被修改,但不要这样使用

function foo() {    undefined = 2; // really bad idea!}foo();function foo() {    "use strict";    undefined = 2; // TypeError!}foo();function foo() {    "use strict";    var undefined = 2;    console.log( undefined ); // 2}foo();

void x(x任意都行)返回undefined

7.NaN

typeof NaN === 'number'NaN === NaN // false

判断NaN:
(1): isNaN,判断一切非数字包括NaN

var a = 2 / "foo";var b = "foo"isNaN( a ); // trueisNaN( b ); // true

(2):Es6: Number.isNaN() 只判断NaN

var a = 2 / "foo";var b = "foo";Number.isNaN( a ); // trueNumber.isNaN( b ); // false -- phew!···(3)将它和它自己比较

NaN === NaN //fasle

8.Infinity

var a = 1 / 0;  // Infinityvar b = -1 / 0; // -InfinityInfinity/Infinity // NaN-3/Infinity // -0+3/Infinity // 0

9.0 & -0
作用仅仅是为了判断变化趋势是什么,负数到0还是正数到0

判断函数

function isNegZero(n) {    n = Number( n );    return (n === 0) && (1 / n === -Infinity);}isNegZero( -0 );        // trueisNegZero( 0 / -3 );    // trueisNegZero( 0 );         // false+"-0";              // -0Number( "-0" );     // -0JSON.parse( "-0" ); // -0var a = -0a.toString();               // "0"a + "";                     // "0"String( a );                // "0"// strangely, even JSON gets in on the deceptionJSON.stringify( a );        // "0"

10.超级相等
Object.is(a,b)

var a = 2 / "foo";var b = -3 * 0;Object.is( a, NaN );    // trueObject.is( b, -0 );     // trueObject.is( b, 0 );      // false

11.Value vs. Reference

基本类型:null, undefined, string, number, boolean, and ES6’s symbol
传入value的复制值

对象(数组)传入pointer(引用指针)

注意下面的例子,foo(a)并没有真正的传入a,只是把a的引用指针复制给了x,也就是说a,x都是指向同样的数组
但当x重新赋值后,就不再指向a的那个数组了

function foo(x) {    x.push( 4 );    x; // [1,2,3,4]    // later    x = [4,5,6];    x.push( 7 );    x; // [4,5,6,7]}var a = [1,2,3];foo( a );a; // [1,2,3,4]  not  [4,5,6,7]

如果不想影响a的指向,指向传入那个数组,可以用foo(a.slice())

想要改值,必须把值包装成对象里的属性

function foo(wrapper) {    wrapper.a = 42;}var obj = {    a: 2};foo( obj );obj.a; // 42

Natives

1.native constructors:

String()
Number()
Boolean()
Array()
Object()
Function()
RegExp()
Date()
Error()
Symbol()

注意下面的表现:
new+natives 出来的是打包的Object,有内部clsss,并且console.log(a)的结果分浏览器不同

var a = new String( "abc" );typeof a; // "object" ... not "String"a instanceof String; // trueObject.prototype.toString.call( a ); // "[object String]"Object.prototype.toString.call( [1,2,3] );          // "[object Array]"//特例:Object.prototype.toString.call( null );         // "[object Null]"Object.prototype.toString.call( undefined );    // "[object Undefined]"ji//基本类型值 自动打包,用new Number()等 反而更慢Object.prototype.toString.call( "abc" );    // "[object String]"Object.prototype.toString.call( 42 );       // "[object Number]"Object.prototype.toString.call( true );     // "[object Boolean]"注意判断:var a = new Boolean( false );if (!a) {    console.log( "Oops" ); // never runs}if('false'){console.log(12)} //12  会打印

1.native constructors:

String()
Number()
Boolean()
Array()
Object()
Function()
RegExp()
Date()
Error()
Symbol()

注意下面的表现:
new+natives 出来的是打包的Object,有内部clsss,并且console.log(a)的结果分浏览器不同

var a = new String( "abc" );typeof a; // "object" ... not "String"a instanceof String; // trueObject.prototype.toString.call( a ); // "[object String]"Object.prototype.toString.call( [1,2,3] );          // "[object Array]"//特例:Object.prototype.toString.call( null );         // "[object Null]"Object.prototype.toString.call( undefined );    // "[object Undefined]"ji//基本类型值 自动打包boxing,用new Number()等 反而更慢Object.prototype.toString.call( "abc" );    // "[object String]"Object.prototype.toString.call( 42 );       // "[object Number]"Object.prototype.toString.call( true );     // "[object Boolean]"注意判断:var a = new Boolean( false );if (a) {    console.log( "Oops" ); // runs}if (Boolean(false)) {    console.log( "Oops" ); // never runs}if('false'){console.log(12)} //12  runs//注意下面 unboxing: .valueOf()a.toString()// 'false' if中判断就是truea.valueOf()// false  if中判断就是fasle

2.探究 [undefined] 和 [ undefined x 1 ]内空的关系

var a = new Array( 3 );var b = [ undefined, undefined, undefined ];var c = [];c.length = 3;//对chrome来说结果是下面这样:(不同的浏览器显示结果不同)a// [ undefined x 3 ]b// [ undefined, undefined, undefined ]c// [ undefined x 3 ]a与c是一样的
a.join( "-" ); // "--"b.join( "-" ); // "--"a.map(function(v,i){ return i; }); // [ undefined x 3 ]b.map(function(v,i){ return i; }); // [ 0, 1, 2 ]

因为a中undefined就是不存在的,只是显示的”undefined”,因此map迭代不了,一定得避免使用空白slot

如果想要手动创造[undefined…]:

var a = Array.apply( null, { length: 3 } ); //第二个对象是类数组对象,每一个值都是undefiend,传了三个undefined参数进去a; // [ undefined, undefined, undefined ]
  1. Date() & Error()
    Date(),结果是字符串的时间
    new Date()是对象,
new Date()//Mon Aug 07 2017 13:26:42 GMT+0800 (马来西亚半岛标准时间)new Date().getTime(); Date.now()//1502083738834 1970.1.1 毫秒级

4.Symbol

作用:values that can be used as properties on objects with little fear of any collision
前面不能加new

5.native prototype

String#substr(..), String#substring(..), and String#slice(..):Function.prototype is a function, RegExp.prototype is a regular expression,### Coverting Values1.coertion的结果总是scalar  primitive values:string,number,boolean**1.ToString**1.Abstract Value OperationstoString(): 如果对象有自定义的toString,则调用自定义的,当Coercion

var a = 1.07 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000;

// seven times three digits => 21 digits
a.toString(); // “1.07e21”
null.toString();// error
undefined.toString();// error
null + ”; ‘null’
undefined + ”; ‘undefiend’

var a = [1,2,3];
a.toString(); // “1,2,3”
var b = {a:1};
b.toString(); // “[object Object]”

2..JSON Stringification :JSON.stringify()功能和toString()有点像

JSON.stringify( “42” ); // “”42”” (a string with a quoted string value in it)
JSON.stringify( null ); // “null”
JSON.stringify( true ); // “true”

//会自动略过undefined,function and symbol :undefined
//无限引用的对象会报错
JSON.stringify( undefined ); // undefined
JSON.stringify( function(){} ); // undefined

JSON.stringify( [1,undefined,function(){},4] ); // “[1,null,null,4]”
JSON.stringify( { a:2, b:function(){} } ); // “{“a”:2}”

如果一个对象有toJSON()方法,则先引用它
a.toJSON = functioin(){}…

toString(x,replacer)第二个参数可以是一个数组或函数,过滤结果的作用

var a = {
b: 42,
c: “42”,
d: [1,2,3]
};

JSON.stringify( a, [“b”,”c”] ); // “{“b”:42,”c”:”42”}”

JSON.stringify( a, function(k,v){
if (k !== “c”) return v;
} );
// “{“b”:42,”d”:[1,2,3]}”

toString(x,replacer,space)第三个参数,控制缩排,仅供参考

var a = {
b: 42,
c: “42”,
d: [1,2,3]
};

JSON.stringify( a, null, 3 );
// “{
// “b”: 42,
// “c”: “42”,
// “d”: [
// 1,
// 2,
// 3
// ]
// }”

JSON.stringify( a, null, “—–” );
// “{
// —–“b”: 42,
// —–“c”: “42”,
// —–“d”: [
// ———-1,
// ———-2,
// ———-3
// —–]
// }”

**2.ToNumber**

Number(undefined) //NaN
Number(true) //1
Number(false) //0
Number(null) //0
Number([]) //0
Number(”) //0
Number({}) //

//与上面对比:
1+{} //”1[object Object]”
1+[] //’1’

//对象和数组转换时,会先找valueOf(),再找toString()

var a = {
valueOf: function(){sn
return “42”;
}
};

var b = {
toString: function(){
return “42”;
}
};

var c = [4,2];
c.toString = function(){
return this.join( “” ); // “42”
};

Number( a ); // 42
Number( b ); // 42
Number( c ); // 42
Number( [ “abc” ] ); // NaN

[] + {}

**3.ToBoolean**(1).falsy values 下面转换时为false

null

undefined

fasle

+0 -0 NaN

“”

(2).Falsy Objects:

var a = new Boolean( false );
var b = new Number( 0 );
var c = new String( “” );

var d = Boolean( a && b && c );
d; // true
唯一的对象转换boolean为false,判断是否是老版本IE
Boolean(document.all)//false

(3).Truthy Values

var a = “false”;
var b = “0”;
var c = “””;

var d = Boolean( a && b && c );

var a = []; // empty array – truthy or falsy?
var b = {}; // empty object – truthy or falsy?
var c = function(){}; // empty function – truthy or falsy?

var d = Boolean( a && b && c );

**4.Explicit Coercion**(1).Strings <-> Numbers

Number()
String()
toString()
+

// equal to x = Date.now()//
//x = new Date().getTime()
x = +new Date()

(2). ~ & || 按位取或~ 按位去反: 相当于-(x+1)

~42; // -(42+1) ==> -43

//可以用来作为if()条件判断:判断x是否是-1
var a = “Hello World”;

~a.indexOf( “lo” ); // -4 <– truthy!
if (~a.indexOf( “lo” )) { // true
// found it!
}

~a.indexOf( “ol” ); // 0 <– falsy!
!~a.indexOf( “ol” ); // true

if (!~a.indexOf( “ol” )) { // true
// not found!
}

~~ x和 x|0的特别作用:保留整数部分;对比Math

~~2.5 // 2
~~(-2.5) //-2
2.5 | 0 // 2
(-2.5) | 0 //-2

对比Math.floor,Math.round,Math.ceil的负数部分

//返回小于x的最大整数
Math.floor(-0.4) // -1
Math.floor(-0.5) // -1
//Math.round(x) = Math.floor(x+0.5)
Math.round(-0.4) //-0
Math.round(-0.5) //-0
Math.round(-0.6) //-1
//返回大于x的最小整数
Math.ceil(-0.4) //-0
Math.ceil(-0.5) //-0

(3).Parsing Numeric Strings解析包含数字的字符串

parseInt(x,y),x必须是字符串,如果不是字符串 ,则调用隐式转换ToString.
y为表示x是几进制,在pre-es5环境下,会考虑八进制,小心
parseInt(‘1231sdasd123’) //1231
parseFloat(‘1.23xzxzdsa’) //1.23

parseInt()第一个参数的隐式转换!

parseInt(‘Infinity’,19) //18
parseInt( 0.000008 ); // 0 (“0” from “0.000008”)
parseInt( 0.0000008 ); // 8 (“8” from “8e-7”)
parseInt( false, 16 ); // 250 (“fa” from “false”)
parseInt( parseInt, 16 ); // 15 (“f” from “function..”)

parseInt( “0x10” ); // 16
parseInt( “103”, 2 ); // 2

4.Explicitly * --> Boolean(1)用Boolean(x)去显式转换~  see above(2) 用!! 效果和Boolean(x)一样**5.Implicit Coercion**1.Implicitly: Strings <--> Numbers(1). ➕ 加号两边有string,则转化为string结合否则为数字加,(ToNumber) 先valueOd(),后toString()

var a = 42;
var b = a + “”;

b; // “42”

//先valueOd()失败,后toString()

var a = [1,2];
var b = [3,4];

a + b; // “1,23,4”

对象➕

var a = {
valueOf: function() { return 42; },
toString: function() { return 4; }
};

a + “”; // “42” //先调用valueOf(),若没有,再调用toString()

String( a ); // “4”直接调用toString()

(2).string -->number ➖0/*/1\1

var a = “3.14”;
var b = a - 0;

b; // 3.14

var a = [3];
var b = [1];

a - b; // 2

2.Implicitly: Booleans --> Numbers用作多重判断时,如只有一个为真  

function onlyOne() {
var sum = 0;
for (var i=0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
sum += Number( !!arguments[i] );
}
return sum === 1;
}

3.Implicitly: * --> Boolean&& ||的真正作用为操作数选择器运算符结果总是比较的数之一

a || b;
// roughly equivalent to:
a ? a : b;

a && b;
// roughly equivalent to:
a ? b : a;

var a = 42;
var b = “abc”;
var c = null;

a || b; // 42
a && b; // “abc”

c || b; // “abc”
c && b; // null

4.Symbol CoercionBoolean(Symbol) //true5. ==  vs ===(1) == 允许implicity coercion,===不允许

NaN is never equal to itself (see Chapter 2)
+0 and -0 are equal to each other (see Chapter 2)

(2)Comparing: strings to numbers转换为数字再比较(3)Comparing: anything to booleanBoolean转换为数字再比较

var a = “42”;
var b = true;

a == b; // false

(4)Comparing: nulls to undefinedsnull 这两兄弟 相互转化和相等

null == undefined //true
null === undefined //false

(5) objects to non-objects对象转化为基本类型再判断

var a = 42;
var b = [ 42 ];

a == b; // true

var a = “abc”;
var b = Object( a ); // same as new String( a )

a === b; // false
a == b; // true

三兄弟都是false
var a = null;
var b = Object( a ); // same as Object()
a == b; // false

var c = undefined;
var d = Object( c ); // same as Object()
c == d; // false

var e = NaN;
var f = Object( e ); // same as new Number( e )
e == f; // false

(6)Edge Cases

“0” == false; // true – UH OH!
false == 0; // true – UH OH!
false == “”; // true – UH OH!
false == []; // true – UH OH!
“” == 0; // true – UH OH!
“” == []; // true – UH OH!
0 == []; // true – UH OH!

[] == ![]; // true
2 == [2]; // true
“” == [null]; // true

0 == “\n”; // true
0 == ” “; // true
“true” == true; // false

(7) Abstract Relational Comparison > <

两步: -1. 首先ToPrimitive,如果有结果不是string,那么就调用ToNumber,接着再比较 -2.如果结果都是string,则直接一个一个字符比较

var a = [ 42 ];var b = [ "43" ];a < b;  // trueb < a;  // falsevar a = [ "42" ];var b = [ "043" ];a < b;  // falsevar a = [ 4, 2 ];var b = [ 0, 4, 3 ];a < b;  // false//特别之处, >= 的逻辑是 !<var a = { b: 42 };var b = { b: 43 };a < b;  // falsea == b; // falsea > b;  // falsea <= b; // truea >= b; // true

Grammer

Statements & Expressions

Statement Completion Values

(下面的这个好像没什么用…)
–implicit return of the last statement value in the block.
statements是完整的语句,expressions最终会有一个确定的值

var a = 3 * 6;var b = a;b;

上面,3行都是statement,a = 3 * 6,b = a,3*6,a,b等是expressions;

var a, b;a = if (true) {    b = 4 + 38;};console中会出现一个42结果..

Expression Side Effects

1.

var a = 42;var b = (a++);a;  // 43b;  // 42

对比下面

var a = 42;var b = (a++,a);//运算子优先顺序a;  // 43b;  // 42

2.delete

var obj = {    a: 42};obj.a;          // 42delete obj.a;   // trueobj.a;          // undefined//delete obj.a会return true:if(delete obj.a){console.log("return true")};//

3.= = =chained assignments

var a, b, c;a = b = c = 42;//a b c都是42

Contextual Rules,根据场景和使用者确定不同的rules

1.{} curly braces

(1).Object Literals

var a = {    foo:bar()}

(2).Labels //标签的作用

  • label in for loop:
    此处是continue foo标签所标记的那个loop的下一轮loop
{    foo:bar()}foo: for (var i=0; i<4; i++) {    for (var j=0; j<4; j++) {        // whenever the loops meet, continue outer loop        if (j == i) {            // jump to the next iteration of            // the `foo` labeled-loop            continue foo;        }        // skip odd multiples        if ((j * i) % 2 == 1) {            // normal (non-labeled) `continue` of inner loop            continue;        }        console.log( i, j );    }}// 1 0// 2 0// 2 1// 3 0// 3 2

对比上面,加入break,功能是直接break出label标记的那个loop

// `foo` labeled-loopfoo: for (var i=0; i<4; i++) {    for (var j=0; j<4; j++) {        if ((i * j) >= 3) {            console.log( "stopping!", i, j );            // break out of the `foo` labeled loop            break foo;        }        console.log( i, j );    }}// 0 0// 0 1// 0 2// 0 3// 1 0// 1 1// 1 2// stopping! 1 3
  • lable 在{}block中间:
function foo() {    // `bar` labeled-block    bar: {        console.log( "Hello" );        break bar;        console.log( "never runs" );    }    console.log( "World" );}foo();// Hello// World
  • 关于JSON,是JS中的syntax,但不是合理的grammar

使用时,

JSON value {“a”:42} no

JSON-P foo({“a”:42}) yes

(3).Blocks

先看一个例子

[] + {}; // "[object Object]" //[] is coerced to "" and thus {} is coerced to a string{} + []; // 0 //{}is a block,+[] -> 00 + [] ; //'0' //0 + ""
2.else if And Optional Blocks

else if is actually else {if(){}}

Operator Precedence

1.&& , || =

= > ,

var a = 42, b;b = ( a++, a );a;  // 43b;  // 43var a = 42, b;b = a++, a;a;  // 43b;  // 42

== > && > || > =

true || false && false;     // true"hello world" || 10 == 10 ;  //'hello world'
2.Short Circuited && || 短路

只需要判断一半的条件

//opts 如果false,后面的就不会抛出错误function doSomething(opts) {    if (opts && opts.cool) {        // ..    }}
3.&& > || > ?:
a && b || c ? c || b ? a : c && b : ais equal to (a && b || c) ? (c || b) ? a : (c && b) : a((a && b) || c) ? ((c || b) ? a : (c && b)) : a
4.Associativity 多个一样的算子

right/left-associativity:

1.&&,||结果一样,方向从左到右

2.? :grouping方向从右到左

a ? b : c ? d : e;结果是a ? b : (c ? d : e)

3.= 也是right-associativity

var a, b, c;a = b = c = 42;//a = (b = (c = 42))

Automatic Semicolons自动加;

1.ASI (Automatic Semicolon Insertion)

(1).JS parsesr在碰到某些statement末尾的空白/comments会自动插入;

var a = 42, bc;//equal tovar a = 42,b;c;  // throw a error

(2).碰到break,continue,return,yield时

function foo(a) {    if (!a) return    a *= 2;    // ..}

Errors

很多errors,发生时间:compile/runtime time

var a = /+foo/;     // Error!function bar(a,b,a) { "use strict"; }   // Error!

2.Using Variables Too Early

ES6 define TDZ (“Temporal Dead Zone”).

//var不会出错{    a = 2;      // ReferenceError!    let a;}{    typeof a;   // undefined    typeof b;   // ReferenceError! (TDZ)    let b;}

Function Arguments

1.ES6 default parameter values
var b = 3;function foo( a = 42, b = a + b + 5 ) {    console.log(a,b)}foo() // error! b is not defined 

如果你省略了参数或者传入undefined,就用default value

function foo( a = 42, b = a + 1 ) {    console.log( a, b );}foo();                  // 42 43foo( undefined );       // 42 43foo( 5 );               // 5 6foo( void 0, 7 );       // 42 7foo( null );            // null 1 null => 0
2.arguments 与命名参数

a的指针指向传入的参数,

//非严格模式下//同时refer to arguments[]与a,会绑定他们function foo(a) {    a = 42;    console.log( arguments[0] );}foo( 2 );   // 42 (linked)foo();      // undefined (not linked)function foo(a) {    "use strict";    a = 42;    console.log( arguments[0] );}foo( 2 );   // 2 (not linked)foo();      // undefined (not linked)

try..finally

捕获runtime error
1.try catch/finally(二者可以一起存在)
finally{}里的Code,一定会运行的,
right after try(catch)完成

function foo() {    try {        return 42;    }catch(e){       //..     }     finally {        console.log( "Hello" );    }    console.log( "never runs" );}console.log( foo() );// Hello 在try完成后运行// 42 在foo完成后,console.log(42)

2.如果finally里thorw一个exception,
那么try里的value会被舍弃

function foo() {    try {        return 42;    }    finally {        throw "Oops!";    }    console.log( "never runs" );}console.log( foo() );// Uncaught Exception: Oops!

3.finally里的return会override try里面的

function baz() {    try {        return 42;    }    finally {        // override previous `return 42`        return "Hello";    }}baz();  // "Hello"

Switch

普通的

switch (a) {    case 2:        // do something        break;    case 42:        // do another thing        break;    default:        // fallback to here

升级

var a = "42";switch (true) {    case a == 10:        console.log( "10 or '10'" );        break;    case a == 42:        console.log( "42 or '42'" );        break;    default:        // never gets here}// 42 or '42'
原创粉丝点击